Trichoptera 227 



Phryganeidae. — The Phryganeida are large caddis-flies in which 

 the palps of the first maxillae in the male are hairy and four- 

 segmented ; the feelers and legs are stout. Tlie larvs inhabit 

 sluggish and standing waters, and make cases composed of vegetable 

 fibres or pieces of leaf. 



Limnephilidae. — The LimnepIiiUda are mostly large insects, but 

 of less robust build than the Phryganeids. The first maxillary 

 palp of the male is three-segmented. The larvje vary in their habits 

 and in the form of their cases. 



Sericostomatidae. — The SerkostomatUie have males with two or 

 three-segmented palps ; they may be distinguished from the Limne- 

 philida; by the absence of ocelli. The larv^ live in running streams 

 and build cases of grains of sand and small stones. 



In the four succeeding families the males have, like the females, 

 five segments to the palps. 



Leptoceridae. — The Leptocerida have long feelers and very hairy 

 palps whose terminal segment is flexible but simple. The larvae 

 make cases of fine sand ; these are sometimes straight and some- 

 times curved. 



Hy dropsy chidse. — The HydropsycMda have the palps rather hairy, 

 the last segment being very long and jointed. The larvs live in 

 running water, and make fixed abodes of small stones ; they feed 

 on smaller insects, some species spinning a silken net which serves 

 to capture prey. 



Rhyacophilidae. — The RhyacophUida have the palps almost with- 

 out hairs, and their terminal segment simple and cylindrical. The 

 larvjE live in swift streams and make a fixed lieap of small angular 

 stones beneath a large stone ; they retreat therein when in danger 

 or about to pupate. 



Hydroptilidae. — The HydroptUida are small and hairy insects re- 

 sembling clothes-moths in appearance ; tiie wings are narrow, the 

 hindwings being narrower than the front pair. The larvae, which 

 are without gill-filaments, make portable cases. 



ORDER 13.— LEPIDOPTERA. 



Structure. — Moths and Butterflies are readily 

 distinguished from all other insects by the multi- 

 tudinous flattened scales which cover their wing-sur- 

 faces, giving rise to characteristic coloured patterns. 

 The head bears large, semi-globular, compound 

 eyes, and long, many-jointed feelers. Except in the 

 lowest family the mandibles are reduced to tiny 

 vestiges, and the galese of the first maxillae are 



