230 



The Orders of Insects 



** Butterflies," and a large number of Moths are on 

 the wing in the daytime ; many Moths fly only in 

 the evening or at night. The larva of Lepidoptera 

 are elongate caterpillars usually with five pairs of 

 abdominal prolegs in addition to the six thoracic legs. 

 They are provided with powerful mandibles and eat 

 the leaves or the wood of plants. The body-segments 

 are studded with bristle-bearing tubercles (fig. I26f) 



Fig. 126. — e. {Crytophasa unipunctata, Donov.), Australia; a. larva; 



c. pupa, natural size; b. 2nd and 3rd abdominal segments of larva ; 



d. cremaster of pupa, magnified. From Edwards, Insect Life, 

 vol. 3 (U.S. Dept. Agr.). 



which have a characteristic arrangement in the dif- 

 ferent families (144). The pupa, usually enclosed in 

 a cocoon of silk, or of foreign materials worked up 

 with silk, is free in the two lowest families, becoming 

 more and more obtect in the higher. A variable 

 number of abdominal segments are movable; in the 

 lower families rows of spines on the dorsal surface 



