Sept., I9I4-] Crampton : Misuse of Terms. 251 



needs but to refer to the figures in question, to verify the statement 

 that the tegula is here intended (the tegula was formerly referred to 

 as the scale, epaulet, or squamula). 



Professor C. H. Fernald has very kindly called my attention to 

 another work (Audouin, '40) in which Audouin both figures and de- 

 fines the tegula, tg (of the Pyralidje) as the ''epaulette ou parap- 

 tere." Thus all of the evidence to be adduced from Audouin's defi- 

 nitions and figures, merely serves to confirm the opinion of those who 

 maintain that Audouin's. definitions of the " paraptere " refer to both 

 of the sclerites tg and hyp (figs. 2, 3. and 6) which Audouin incor- 

 rectly considered as homologous, and included under the same name. 



Since Audouin at first (Audouin, '20) referred to the sclerite hyp 

 alone as the hypopteron, and only later (Audouin, '24) incorrectly 

 includes it, together with the tegula, ig, under the designation parap- 

 teron, through a misunderstanding concerning the true homologies 

 of the sclerites in question, the most logical course of procedure 

 would be to retain the designation hypopteron for the sclerite hyp 

 (figs. 2 and 3) as originally used by Audouin, and to restrict the 

 designation parapteron, to the tegula, tg (figs. 2 and 6) as was later 

 done by Audouin, '40, making it a synonym of epaulet, or tegula. 



This method of procedure has much to recommend it. In thi 

 first place, as we have seen, Audouin (the author of the term) him- 

 self makes the designation parapteron synonymous with the terms 

 then applied to the tegula (f. c, scale, squamula, or epaulet). In the 

 second place, Audouin's contemporaries {e. g., Lyonnet, ''},2, West- 

 wood, '38 and many others) adopted this usage, and applied the desig- 

 nation parapteron to the tegula, thus showing that this usage was in 

 vogue even in Audouin's day, and had his sanction. In the third 

 place, this usage (/. e., of applying the term parapteron to the tegulse) 

 is extremely widespread, and is generally accepted by writers of vari- 

 ous nationalities. And lastly, this usage is sanctioned by many 

 modern works of reference — e. g., Packard, '98, Sharp, '99, Henne- 

 guy, '04, Smith, '06, Folosm, '06, Houlbert, '10, Jardine, '13, Com- 

 stock, '13, and many others. 



From the foregoing discussion, it is clearly evident that the term 

 parapteron should be applied to the tegula alone (as a synonym). 

 The grounds for so doing have been given in detail, because some 

 recent writers do not think that there is sufficient justification for 



