258 Journal New York Entomological Society. f^'°'- ^^U- 



Kirby and Spence, '26, very clearly state that the patagia are pro- 

 thoracic structures, and that the tegulre are mesothoracic. They like- 

 wise apply the designation patagia to the true patagia, and the 

 designation tegulae to the true tegulae, so that the commonly accepted 

 statement made by Newport, '39 (page 923) that Kirby and Spence 

 term the tegulae "patagia," is wholly false and unjust. The unfortu- 

 nate confusion caused by the interchanging of the terms patagia and 

 tegulse, is not attributable to Kirby and Spence; but is due to the 

 ignorance, or carelessness of later writers. 



The designation scapula (or scapulae) and scapularia have been 

 very frequently misapplied by workers in different orders or in dif- 

 ferent families of the same order of insects. Thus the term scapula 

 has been applied to the patagia, tegulae, etc., of Lepidoptera, to the 

 antero-lateral sclerites in the mesonotum of Proctotrypidae, to the 

 postero-lateral sclerites in the mesonotum of Coleoptera, to the lower 

 lateral region of the mesonotum of Hemiptera, to the trochanter of 

 the anterior leg in various insects, and to the whole, or a portion 

 of the mesopleuron of certain Hymcnoptera and Coleoptera. The 

 last mentioned usage conforms to that of Knoch, 1801 (Neue Beit- 

 raege) who introduced the term, so that it is preferable to restrict 

 it to the pleural sclerites. 



Summary. 



The points brought out above may be briefly summarized as 

 follows. 



The term paraptera should be applied only to those sclerites homo- 

 logous with the shell-like scales situated slightly in front of, and 

 above the bases of the mesothoracic wings (best seen in Hymen- 

 optera, Lepidoptera, etc.) . . . tg oi figs. 2 and 6. These are not 

 homologous with the patagia — which are prothoracic structures (pat 

 of fig. l) having nothing in common with the paraptera. Synonyms 

 of paraptera are tegulae, pterygodes, and epaulets. (The terms 

 squaniulae, patagia, scapulae, humeri, etc., sometimes applied to the 

 structures in question, arc misapplied.) 



The term hypopteron sliould be restricted to the narrow region ex- 

 tending along the anterior margin of the pleuron in certain Coleop- 

 tera. Orthoptera, Hymcnoptera, etc. (hyp of fig. 3). Synonyms of 

 hy])()pter()n are pcristernuin, prcepistornum, and prcpectus. 



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