March. 1919.1 Vinal: Carolixa Locust. 19 



Fig. 20. Exallonyx parvulus new species. Stigma and cell in wing and 

 flagellum of antenna. 



Fig. 21. Exallonyx grandis new species, a, stigma and cell of wing; b. 

 flagellum of antenna; c, petiole of abdomen: (p, propodeum ; i, petiole; 2, 

 second abdominal segment). 



THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF THE CAROLINA 

 LOCUST (DISSOSTEIRA CAROLINA LINNE). 1 



By Stuart C. Vinal, 

 Amherst, Mass. 



This paper is one of a series of contributions from the Entomo- 

 logical Laboratory of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, deal- 

 ing with the anatomy of the grasshopper, Dissosteira Carolina L. In 

 its preparation I have received much encouragement and assistance 

 from Dr. H. T. Fernald, Dr. G. C. Crampton and Dr. W. S. Regan, 

 and I would take this opportunity of expressing my appreciation of 

 their kindly interest and advice. 



Historical. 



Aristotle (about 320 B.C.) propounded the theory that insects did 

 not breathe, and it was not until the time of Malpighi (1669) that it 

 was demonstrated that insects respire by means of internal tracheae. 

 The studies of Malpighi (1669) on the silk worm, of Swammerdam 

 ( 1673) on the honey bee, and of Lyonet (1762) on the goat moth 

 paved the way for later investigations, but the famous monograph of 

 Straus-Durckheim (1828) on the anatomy of the cockchafer (Melo- 

 lontha vulgaris L.) in which the tracheal system is treated in great 

 detail, furnishes the basis for all modern work on the subject, such 

 as that of Alt (1912) on the respiratory system of Dytiscus margi- 

 nalis L.. etc. 



Among the works dealing with the respiratory system of Orthop- 

 tera in particular, may be mentioned the investigations of Marcel de 

 Serres (1S19) on Truxalis nasutus, Leon Dufour (1841) on the 



1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachusetts 

 Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. Portion of a thesis for the degree of 

 Master of Science. 



