196 LEPIDOPTEKA. 



The Cramhidce, or Grass Moths, most of which belong to the 

 genus Cramhus, Fabr., are a very extensive family. They are of 

 small size, rarely exceeding an inch in expanse, and are tolerably 

 uniform in colour. The fore wings are sometimes silvery white, 

 but are more often brown or yellowish, generally with white or 

 silvery lines, or brown transverse lines ; the hind wings are uniform 

 white or brown. These moths have ample hind wings, and appear 

 comparatively large when flying, but when at rest they fold their 

 wings round them in an almost tubular form. They frequent 

 meadoAvs, and are easily disturbed, but only fly a few yards, and 

 then drop down into the grass, and seem to vanish suddenly, from 

 the small compass which their wings occupy when closed. 



Sub-Section VII. — Tortrices. 



Body slender, not extending beyond the hind wings ; fore 

 wings rather short, generally broad, and truncated at the extremity; 

 hind wings rather broad ; larvae inhabiting rolled-up leaves, seed- 

 capsules, seed-heads, etc. 



The Tortrices, or Bell Moths, are an extensive group of small 

 moths, expanding from half to three quarters of an inch. They 

 are generally recognisable at once by their broad truncated fore 

 wings. Their classification is still in a somewhat unsettled con- 

 dition. 



Halias Quercana, Linn., a green moth, with two oblique lines 

 and white hind wings, is included by some writers with the Tor- 

 trices, though others place it with the Noctiice, or with the Bomhyces. 

 The species of Halias are of much larger size than any of the true 

 Tortrices. 



Tortrix Viridana, Linn., is a moth with green fore wings and 

 brown hind wings, which abounds among oaks in summer, and 

 may almost be regarded as the typical species of the Tortrices. 



The hind margin is seldom indented, but Teras Caudana, a very 

 variable grey or yellowish-brown species, is remarkable for the 

 costa being deeply excavated. 



Xanthosetia Zoegana and Hamana, Linn., are pretty species with 

 sulphur-yellow fore wings with bro\\^nish-red markings, which are 

 very common among thistles. 



Carpocapsa Pomonella, Linn., a brown species, with a dark patch 

 slightly marked with coppery towards the hinder angle of the fore 

 wings, is very injurious to apples, in which its larva feeds. Other 

 allied species feed in plums, acorns, etc. 



