210 HOMOPTERA. 



wings are yellow, bordered with brown. It measures nearly three 

 inches across the wings. 



One of the largest species of this family is Dunduhia Irivpera- 

 toria, Westw., which measures above eight inches across the wings. 

 It is met with in the East Indies. 



One of the most interesting species is the North American 

 Cicada Sejftemdecim, Linn., which is said only to appear in abundance 

 every seventeen years. It is black, with transparent wings veined 

 with reddish. " The young larvae feed on the roots of the oak and 

 apple, clustering upon the roots, and sucking the sap with their 

 beak-like mouths. They live seventeen years. Different broods 

 appear in different localities, so that each year they are seen in 

 some part of the country."^ 



The larvae and pupae of the Cicadidce resemble the imago in 

 general form, except that the wings, etc., are undeveloped. The 

 empty pupa-skin is frequently found still clinging by its legs to 

 bushes, etc., and is often sent home in collections. 



The Cicadas are improperly called " locusts " both in America 

 and Australia. In countiies where they abound, the larger species 

 keep up a perpetual chirping, and they and other insects make the 

 woods resound with their song at almost all hours of the day and 

 night. Hence I have been assured by travellers who have spent 

 some years in the Tropics, that nothing struck them so much on 

 their return to England, as what seemed to them the death-like 

 stillness of our woods, and that it was months, or even years, 

 before they were able to divest themselves of the impression that 

 it was always winter. 



Family II. — Fulgondce. 



Antennae three-jointed, inserted below the eyes ; front of the 

 head more or less prolonged ; ocelli two, placed between the eyes ; 

 thorax not prolonged ; wings deflected. 



This is an extensive family, which exhibits so much variation 

 in structure that many authors divide it into several. 



The typical Fulgorince have the pro thorax generally as long 

 and at least as broad as the thorax ; the fore wings are opaque, 

 and the head is furnished with a very large hollow appendage in 

 fi'ont. This sub-family includes the genus Fulgora, Linn., and its 

 allies, comprising the Lantern Flies and Candle Flies, which are 

 remarkable for their combination of large size, bright colours, and 

 ^ Packard's Guide to the !Study of I bisects (0th ed. ), p. d.35. 



