FAMILY PHALACROCORACIDAE 6$ 



of the family as a whole extends from the far north through tem- 

 perate and equatorial regions to southern waters. In their modern 

 form cormorants became established before the Middle Tertiary, 

 while ancient allied stocks are recognized in fossil deposits in 

 Paleocene time of more than 60 million years ago. 



[PHALACROCORAX BOUGAINVILLII (Lesson): Peruvian Cormorant; 



Guandy 



Carbo Bougainvillii Lesson, in Bougainville, Journ. Nav. Thetis et Esperance, 

 vol. 2, 1837, p. 331. (Valparaiso, Chile.) 



The only present basis for inclusion of this species is a report by 

 Eisenmann (Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 7, 1955, p. 14) of a sight record 

 "off Darien, once, R. C. Murphy." The guanay, the principal species 

 concerned in the production of the great guano deposits on the bird 

 islands off the coast of Peru, breeds also in isolated colonies on 

 islands in Chilean waters. In times of change in coastal ocean 

 currents when normal food supplies fail these birds wander widely. 

 They have been found casually north along the Pacific coast of 

 Colombia to Gorgona Island, and to Bahia de Malaga near Buena- 

 ventura (De Schauensee, Birds Colombia, 1948, p. 355), and may 

 straggle rarely farther into Panamanian waters. 



The species is 700 to 760 mm. long and is marked by pure white 

 breast, with a white patch on the side of the neck, the rest of the 

 body being black, more or less glossed with green.] 



PHALACROCORAX OLIVACEUS OLIVACEUS (Humboldt) : Olivaceous 

 Cormorant; Cuervo Marino 



Figure 12 



Pelecanus oUvaceus Humboldt, in Humboldt and Bonpland, Recueil d' observa- 

 tions zoologie et d'anatomie comparee, vol. 1, livr. 1, 1805, p. 6. (EI Banco, 

 Rio Magdalena, Magdalena, Colombia.) 



Large, dark-colored, with the bill hooked at tip. 



Description. — Length 660 to 710 mm. Adult, black; upper surface 

 and wings brownish slate, the feathers edged with black; a white 

 line bordering the gular sac ; in breeding dress, head and neck with 

 scattered filamentous white feathers. 



Immature, grayish brown; in the first season much paler, some 

 being white on the under surface. 



W. W. Brown, Jr., listed colors of an adult female taken March 

 19, 1904, at Isla del Rey as follows: Iris sea green; gular patch 

 yellow, darker in the center; tarsus black (a color that in the skins 

 includes the toes). 



