FAMILY DENDROCOLAPTIDAE 4I 



laughing sound like that of the other common large woodcreeper of 

 this genus found in Panama, but usually shorter, as well as more 

 pleasingly musical in sound. Apparently the Cuna Indian name of 

 Yejejc, heard in 1947 on the upper Rio Jaque, is given in imitation. 

 This typical race of the species is found to the north through 

 Costa Rica to eastern Nicaragua. To the south of Panama it con- 

 tinues in Colombia through the lower Atrato Valley and along the 

 western base of the Cordillera Occidental to northwestern Ecuador. 



XIPHORHYNCHUS ERYTHROPYGIA (Sclater) : Spotted 

 Woodcreeper, Trepador Manchado 



Dendrornis erythropygia P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 27, 1859 

 (February 1860), p. 366. (Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.) 



Medium size ; under surface spotted heavily with bufT. 



Description. — Length 210-230 mm. Adult (sexes alike), crown 

 and hindneck, especially the fore crown, with narrow shaft lines of 

 pale bufif; back and scapulars olive-brown, with scattered narrow 

 shaft lines of pale bufif ; wing coverts olive-brown ; rump and upper 

 tail coverts cinnamon-rufous ; wings and tail cinnamon-rufous, sec- 

 ondaries darker, more chocolate, and primaries edged and tipped with 

 olive-brown ; lores dusky to black ; an indistinct bufify superciliary ; 

 side of head dusky-olive spotted and lined more or less with bufif ; an 

 indefinite bufif eye-ring; chin and throat bufif, spotted lightly with 

 olive ; foreneck, breast, and abdomen somewhat greenish olive, 

 marked heavily with guttate spots of pale bufif ; lower under tail 

 coverts dull cinnamon, with central lines of bufif ; under wing coverts 

 and under surface of primaries at base cinnamon-bufif. 



Throughout the range from southern Mexico to northern Colombia, 

 and along the western coast of South America to western Ecuador, 

 five geographic races are recognized, all on minor characters of slight 

 difiference in size, or equally minor distinctions in depth of color. 

 It should be noted also that in museum collections specimens become 

 steadily darker with the markings duller, so that close attention is 

 required to separate the races. 



Xiphorhynchus triangularis found in the Andes from Colombia to 

 Bolivia, ranging east in the sierras of northern and western 

 Venezuela, included by some under erythropygia, diflfers in having the 

 feathers of the chin and throat tipped narrowly with greenish olive 

 instead of spotted lightly with this color. In most also the under 

 tail coverts are without cinnamon or with color reduced to show 



