42 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 3 



only the tips of the distal feathers. When the two groups overlap 

 as on the mountain slopes of northwestern Antioquia (near Val- 

 divia), erythropygia ranges lower in the tropical and lower subtropi- 

 cal slopes, with triangularis higher in the upper Subtropical Zone. 



While widely distributed through forested areas, these birds 

 usually range high in the trees and so may come only casually under 

 observation. Their habits in general are like those of allied species of 

 the genus, but through their dull colors and rather indefinite color 

 pattern they do not stand out prominently, and so do not attract 

 attention. Occasionally several may be found associated in loose 

 company. Once I found one in company with a group of the Yellow- 

 browed Tanager Chlorothraupis olivacea. Their laughing calls 

 are similar to those of the Buff-throated Woodcreeper but are higher 

 in sound. The breeding season seems to come in April when males 

 become quite noisy. 



Two subspecies, differing slightly in color, are recognized in 

 the Republic, one in the west, the other found from the Canal Zone 

 through Darien. 



XIPHORHYNCHUS ERYTHROPYGIA PUNCTIGULA Sclater 



Dendrornis ptmctigula, Ridgw. MS, P. L. Sclater, Ibis, ser. 6, vol. 1, no. 3, July, 



1889, p. 352. ("Costa Rica" = Naranjo, Costa Rica.) 

 Dendrornis punctigula Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 11, September 20, 



1889, p. 544. (Naranjo, Costa Rica.) 



Characters. — Lower surface more distinctly greenish olive. 



A female, taken near El Volcan, Chiriqui, March 15, 1965, had 

 the iris dark brown ; base of maxilla below nasal fossa, and cutting 

 edge along anterior margin very pale brownish white ; rest of basal 

 half dull black ; anterior half dark mouse brown ; mandible very light 

 neutral gray ; tarsus and toes neutral bluish gray ; claws dull grayish 

 brown. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Costa Rica and Chiriqui), wing 

 103.0-119.3 (112.1), tail 84.7-98.0 (92.4), culmen from base 33.2- 

 36.3 (33.5), tarsus 22.5-24.2 (23.4) mm. 



Females (10 from Costa Rica and Chiriqui), wing 100.9-109.9 

 (105.5), tail 78.5-91.9 (86.5), culmen from base 30.8-34.8 (32.7), 

 tarsus 22.4-23.9 (23.0) mm. 



Resident. Locally fairly common in forested areas in the Tropical 

 and lower Subtropical zones in Chiriqui and Bocas del Toro ; reported 

 in older collections east on the Pacific slope to Chitra and on the 

 Caribbean side to Calovevora, both in Veraguas. 



