66 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 3 



Vaurie (Class. Ovenbirds, 1971, pp. 11, 22-25) has merged the 

 genus Cranioleuca Reichenbach, 1853, with Certhiaxis Lesson, 1844, 

 using the latter name for the combined group. In his discussion he 

 seems to justify the action mainly on the location and form of the 

 nest, with some additional data. Certhiaxis cinnamomea, as I have 

 seen it in the Chaco in northern Argentina and Paraguay, and in 

 Venezuela, has lived mainly around open lagoons and similar marshy 

 areas. The various species of Cranioleuca that I have encountered 

 in Central and South America have been more birds of the forest or, 

 in more open country, of thickets and heavy stands of taller herbace- 

 ous plants. Wing form seems somewhat different in the two groups, 

 and there appear other differences. It seems preferable to recognize 

 those of Panama under the current genus name Cranioleuca, until all 

 are better known in detail. 



CRANIOLEUCA ERYTHROPS RUFIGENIS (Lawrence) 



Synallaxis rufigenis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 9, 1868, 

 p. 105. (Costa Rica.) 



Characters. — Reddish brown of crown, side of head, wings, and 

 tail somewhat paler and brighter ; crown cap shorter, not quite reach- 

 ing the posterior border of the crown ; under surface darker, grayer. 



An adult male, collected February 26, 1965, near Barriles, Chiriqui, 

 had the iris reddish brown ; maxilla and tip of mandible fuscous- 

 black ; base of mandible dull reddish brown ; tarsus and toes dull 

 brownish green, with the lower surface of the toe pads dull yellow; 

 claws brownish neutral gray. 



An adult female, taken March 1, 1954, on the Silla de Cerro Pando, 

 west of El Volcan, Chiriqui, had the iris light brownish red; maxilla 

 dusky neutral gray; tip of mandible pale neutral gray ; base of mandi- 

 ble vinaceous ; tarsus and toes, including the claws, vetiver green. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Chiriqui), wing 65.9-70.9 

 (68.5), tail 67.5-74.8 (71.7), culmen from base 14.1-16.4 (15.1), 

 tarsus 18.0-19.7 (18.9) mm. 



Females (10 from Chiriqui), wing 64.4-69.2 (66.2), tail 65.4- 

 73.4 (69.2), culmen from base 13.9-15.9 (14.8), tarsus 18.8-19.5 

 (19.1) mm. 



Resident. Fairly common in the subtropical forests on Volcan 

 Baru, from 1200 to 1900 meters elevation, ranging west to the Costa 

 Rican boundary ; recorded eastward at Chitra, Veraguas. 



