98 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 3 



Rica), wing 87.7-90.9 (89.1), tail 71.3-74.8 (72.9), culmen from 

 base 22.6-25.2 (23.9), tarsus 23.4-23.9 (23.6) mm. 



Females (10 from Chiriqui and southwestern Costa Rica), wing 

 80.2-88.0 (84.0), tail 63.9-71.1 (67.9), culmen from base 22.5-25.1 

 (23.7, average of 9), tarsus 22.3-23.3 (22.8) mm. 



Resident. Found in small numbers in western Chiriqui from the 

 lowlands at the south base of the volcano (Divala, Bugaba, Buena 

 Vista, El Banco) to 1280 meters in the lower Subtropical Zone 

 (Santa Clara, El Volcan), east on the Pacific slope to Veraguas 

 (Sona, Santa Fe). 



The race extends into southwestern Costa Rica on the Pacific slope. 

 In Panama, near the Rio Chiriqui Viejo, west of El Volcan, and at 

 Santa Clara farther west I found these birds in heavy undergrowth, 

 where they remained carefully concealed, their presence indicated by 

 rattling calls. Others were encountered lower down near Buena Vista, 

 moving actively through branches laden with vines, keeping fairly 

 well under cover. On the Rio Tribique, near Sona, Veraguas, one was 

 taken in a small tract of forest on June 12, 1953, the most eastern 

 record in my personal field work. I have examined older specimens 

 collected by Arce near Santa Fe, at the eastern limit of the range. 



Skutch (Pac. Coast Avif., no. 35, 1969, pp. 305-313), in studies of 

 this race in southwestern Costa Rica, examined five nests located in 

 burrows in banks of small streams, and in other similar locations offer- 

 ing an earthen face. The shallow tunnels dug by the birds may be 

 begun as much as 5 months before the active nesting date. Finally they 

 bring in leaf material from a single species of shrub (in the locality 

 concerned of a Mimosa) to form a broad, shallow cup for the nest. 

 The eggs, pure white in color, two or three in number, were laid from 

 March to May. One set of two measured 27.0x19.8 and 26.2 x 

 19.8 mm. Both sexes share in incubation, which lasts for 20 to 

 21 days. 



The young hatch with a scanty covering of gray down. At the end 

 of 10 days they were not brooded further by the parents at night. 

 They were fed large insects, caterpillars, spiders, and small lizards. 

 Droppings were removed so that the nest remained clean. They left 

 the burrow at the age of 18 days. 



AUTOMOLUS OCHROLAEMUS HYPOPHAEUS Ridgway 



Automolus cervinigularis hypophaeus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 

 vol. 22, April 17, 1909, p. 72. (Rio Reventazon, Guayabo, Costa Rica.) 



Characters. — Darker than A. o. cxscrtus, much darker than 

 A. o. pallidigularis ; throat and upper foreneck deep buff; rest of 



