FAMILY FORMICARIIDAE 1 29 



Immature male, like adult, but concealed white on back less exten- 

 sive; wing coverts with white edgings reduced, occasionally varied 

 by scattered tips of cinnamon-buff; sides of breast barred narrowly 

 with blackish slate. 



Immature female, concealed white on back much reduced ; wing 

 coverts faintly barred with dull black ; primary coverts with a narrow 

 subterminal bar of blackish slate and tip of cinnamon-buff; white of 

 sides, breast, and ramal area of mandible barred narrowly, and in part 

 indistinctly, with slate. 



Juvenile male, dorsal surface dull black, barred narrowly and some- 

 what indefinitely with cinnamon-buff ; tips of primary coverts paler ; 

 under surface, including the flanks and under tail coverts, buffy 

 white, barred narrowly with slate ; under tail coverts dull black, 

 barred faintly with buff and dull white; tibia black, barred with dull 

 cinnamon-buff. 



Juvenile female, back, rump, and under tail coverts barred narrowly 

 with blackish slate ; under surface buff, barred narrowly and in- 

 distinctly on f oreneck, breast, and sides with slate. 



Male (several specimens), iris reddish orange to bright red; bill 

 black ; tarsus and toes bluish neutral gray ; claws black. 



Female (several specimens), iris reddish orange to bright red; 

 base of mandibular rami dark neutral gray ; rest of bill black ; tarsus 

 and toes neutral gray to bluish neutral gray; claws dark neutral 

 gray to black. 



Measurements. — Males (14 specimens from throughout the range 

 in Panama), wing 88.1-93.5 (89.8), tail 67.5-71.8 (69.0), culmen 

 from base 27.0-32.3 (29.4), tarsus 34.2-37.0 (35.5) mm. 



Females (14 specimens from throughout the range in Panama), 

 wing 87.4-91.1 (89.3), tail 66.0-71.4 (69.0), culmen from base 27.7- 

 30.5 (29.0, average of 13), tarsus 34.8-38.2 (35.9) mm. 



Resident. Fairly common in the tropical lowlands ; to 1280 meters 

 in western Chiriqui. Found locally on the Pacific slope from western 

 Chiriqui east to Veraguas, commonly from the Canal Zone and 

 eastern Province of Panama through Darien ; none recorded from the 

 Azuero Peninsula. On the Caribbean side, recorded throughout from 

 western Bocas del Toro to eastern San Bias. 



These are shy, retiring birds, found in the undergrowth in forest 

 edge, along stream borders, in low stands of second growth, and in 

 thickets in pastures and other clearings, usually remote from houses 



