132 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 3 



ings. The northern group, the race melanocrissus, is remarkably 

 uniform. With the considerable series now available, the birds from 

 Mexico south to northwestern Colombia in Antioquia, and south 

 through western Choco and Valle, in males have the black of the 

 side of the head extended down below the gape on the side of the 

 mandibular ramus. In most the tail is plain black; some have faint 

 white tips on the shorter, external rectrices. In typical form, from 

 Mexico through Guatemala, the under tail coverts are black. From 

 Costa Rica through Panama, northwestern Antioquia in Colombia, 

 and southward along the Pacific Coast west of the Andes, the 

 feathers in this area are lightly tipped with white. The flanks in all 

 are slightly darker. Females average slightly darker above and on 

 the under tail coverts. 



The race granadensis, found across Colombia from the Gulf of 

 Uraba to northwestern Venezuela, in the male has the black on the 

 side of the head not extended below the gape, the flanks slightly paler, 

 white on the wings more extensive, and the under tail coverts more 

 extensively white. The female is faintly paler above, and is paler 

 brown on upper and under tail coverts. 



Brodkorb (Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool., Misc. Publ. no. 55, 1943, 

 pp. 55-56) has shown that the type locality of melanocrissus is not 

 in Veracruz as long listed, but is Choctum, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. 

 Sclater (Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 172) lists male and female 

 from that locality as his type specimens. These from the locality 

 indicated, collected by Salvin, are now in the British Museum. 



THAMNOPHILUS DOLIATUS (Linnaeus): Barred Ant-shrike, 

 Pavita Hormiguera Rayada 



Figure 13 



Lanius doliatus Linnaeus, Mus. Adolphi Friderici Regis, vol. 2, 1764, p. 2. 

 (Surinam.) 



Small ; male, above black, barred on back and wings with white ; 

 below barred black and white. Female, cinnamon-brown to rufous- 

 brown above, with crown darker ; bufif to cinnamon, below. 



Description. — Length 140-155 mm. Feathers of back of crown 

 somewhat elongated to form a bushy crest. Adult male, crown black, 

 in some mixed heavily with white ; forehead lined narrowly with 

 white ; rest of upper surface, including wings and tail, barred with 

 white ; side of head, chin and throat white, streaked with black ; rest 

 of under surface white, barred narrowly with black ; in some the 

 abdomen paler, with bars reduced or absent ; under wing coverts 

 white, barred or spotted with slate. 



