FAMILY COTINGIDAE 263 



3. Plumage black, except for reddish-purple foreneck and upper breast in male. 



Purple-throated fruit-crow, Querula purpurata, p. 299 

 Plumage not extensively black 4 



4. Upper surface, upper breast and sides bright blue 5 



Upper surface, breast and sides not bright blue 6 



5. Tenth, outermost primary shorter than the ninth to the sixth; deeper blue. 



Adult male, Natterer's cotinga, Cotinga nattcrcrii, p. 266 

 Ninth and tenth outer primaries shorter than the eighth to the sixth, with 

 the ninth definitely narrowed at the tip ; lighter blue. 



Adult male, Ridgway's cotinga, Cotinga ridgivayi, p. 264 



6. Under surface pale bufif to buffy white, spotted heavily with dusky 7 



Under surface with few or no spots 8 



7. Under surface slightly darker buff. 



Adult female, Natterer's cotinga, Cotinga nattcrcrii, p. 266 

 Under surface paler, lighter buff. 



Adult female, Ridgway's cotinga, Cotinga ridgivayi, p. 265 



8. Upper surface and wings (except wing tips in one species) white or faintly 



pale gray on crown and tail 9 



Upper surface and wings not white 11 



9. Bill yellow except for black line on culmen. 



Adult male, Antonia's cotinga, Carpodcctes antoniac, p. 268 

 Bill black to neutral gray 10 



10. Wings plain white ; crown and tail very pale gray. 



Adult male, Snowy cotinga, Carpodcctes nitidus, p. 269 



Wings tipped with black ; tail white, the central feathers in some spotted 



lightly with black. .Adult male. White cotinga, Carpodcctes Iwpkci. p. 272 



11. Upper surface, crown to tail, dark to slaty gray, without markings 12 



Upper surface, crown to tail, not wholly plain gray without markings . . 14 



12. Bill yellowish brown on base, dull brown to black elsewhere. 



Adult female, Antonia's cotinga, Carpodcctes antoniac, p. 268 

 Bill black to neutral gray 13 



13. Smaller ; wing 125-135 mm ; somewhat paler gray. 



Adult female. Snowy cotinga, Carpodcctes nitidus, p. 270 

 Larger ; wing 143-150 mm ; somewhat darker gray. 



Adult female. White cotinga, Carpodcctes hopkci, p. 272 



14. Large, wing more than 95 mm; wings black, with little or no white 



edging 15 



15. Space around eye and lores bare, except for scattered, hairlike bristles; 



bill stout, arched, with the mandibular rami as long as the gonys ; base 

 of bill and side of head in life dull red. 



Masked tityra, Tityra seiuifasciata, p. 288 



Side of head and lores closely feathered; bill flattened, relatively broader, 



wholly black, with the gonys decidedly longer than the mandibular rami. 



Black-crowned becard, Erator inquisitor, p. 294 



16. Crown black 1' 



Crown not black 21 



17. Back black 18 



Back gray 20 



