280 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA — PART 3 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Province of Panama, Canal Zone, 

 and northwestern Colombia), wing 64.7-72.9 (69.7), tail 47.7-52.4 

 (50.4), culmen from base 13.6-15.8 (14.2), tarsus 17.2-18.8 

 (17.7) mm. 



Females (10 from Canal Zone and northern Colombia), wing 65.3- 

 69.2 (67.8), tail 47.3-52.4 (49.0). culmen from base 13.2-15.0 

 (14.3), tarsus 16.7-18.3 (17.6) mm. 



Resident. Rare ; recorded in the Canal Zone, and in eastern 

 Province of Panama. 



McLeannan secured the first specimens in his early work on the 

 Atlantic slope in the Canal Zone. Captain Hughes, of the S. S. 

 Chiriqui, took this species at Paraiso, and W. W. Brown, Jr., ac- 

 cording to Bangs (Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 2, 1900, 

 p. 23) secured four at Loma de Leon. Goldman collected a female at 

 Tabernilla, and a pair at Gatun. It was taken by Arce at Chepo, and by 

 Austin Smith at San Antonio on the lower Rio Bayano. 



The Penards (Vog. Guyana, pt. 2, 1910, p. 153) described the 

 nest as the rounded ball of grasses and leaves usual in this genus, with 

 two to five eggs, dark grayish brown with darker, chocolate-brown 

 spots and dots over the entire surface, sometimes forming a wreath 

 around the larger end. The average size is recorded as 20.0 X 15.5 mm. 

 Haverschmidt (Birds of Surinam. 1968, p. 280) recorded the food 

 as insects, including Diptera, Orthoptera, and termites (taken in 

 flight) and berries, including mistletoe and capsicum. He lists egg 

 size, from the Penard collection as 20.1x14.8 mm. 



Schonwetter (Handb. Ool., pt. 16, 1969, pp. 131, 137) records the 

 eggs as reddish gray and chocolate-gray, often with a wreath or a cap 

 of these dark colors; ground color in some specimens white, with 

 few markings. The size range in 56 specimens is listed as 18.2- 

 21.9x13.5-15.6 mm. The range in size seems unduly large, raising 

 question as to correct identification in part of the series. 



Goldman, at Gatun in the Canal Zone, on January 31, 1911, col- 

 lected a male "in the branches of a small tree along the edge of . . . 

 dense forest." 



The species ranges widely in the tropics of northern South America 

 from Colombia and Venezuela through the Guianas and northern 

 Brazil to eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru. While the male is fairly 

 distinct the female may be confused with that of Pachyramphus 

 cinnamomeus. In the few specimens seen from Panama the male ap- 

 pears grayer on the breast than those at hand from South America. 

 It is probable that the northern group when better known will be 

 found to represent a distinct subspecies. 



