282 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 3 



cinnamon-bufif to white; central tail feathers basally greenish olive, 

 becoming black at tips ; lateral pairs black, all tipped widely with buff ; 

 side of head light olive ; lores mixed with white, with a narrow white 

 stripe over eye and a broader one below ; under surface light to pale 

 yellow, sides of chest light olive ; edge of wing, axillars and under 

 wing coverts pale yellow ; inner webs of wing feathers pale buff to 

 yellow. 



Immature, like female, but in male changing early to a mixture of 

 gray on the breast and black on the upper surface. 



In several males the color of the eye varied from wood brown 

 to very dark brown and reddish brown ; tip of maxilla black ; rest of 

 bill dark neutral gray, with the base of the mandible in some pale 

 brownish white ; tarsus and toes neutral to dusky neutral gray ; claws 

 dusky neutral gray to black. 



One female, taken January 28, 1962, at Las Palmitas, Los Santos, 

 had the iris mouse brown ; maxilla black ; mandible pale brownish 

 white, with anterior half of sides dark neutral gray ; tarsus, toes, and 

 claws dusky neutral gray. 



Measurements. — -Males (10 from Panama), wing 69.6-73.5 (71.3), 

 tail 50.8-57.0 (53.8), culmen from base 14.0-15.7 (14.7), tarsus 

 18.0-19.1 (18.4) mm. 



Females (10 from Veraguas, Los Santos, Province of Panama, 

 Canal Zone, San Bias, and Costa Rica), wing 64.5-69.1 (67.0), tail 

 46.8-55.0 (50.1), culmen from base 14.0-15.3 (14.8), tarsus 18.0- 

 18.9 (18.4) mm. 



Resident. Locally fairly common wherever there are thickets and 

 trees (but not in heavy forest) in the Tropical Zone; on the Pacific 

 side from western Chiriqui (Volcan, Boquete) east (including Los 

 Santos) to Darien ; ranging upward to 900 to 1300 meters on more 

 open mountain slopes and around clearings ; on the Caribbean side 

 from western Bocas del Toro (Almirante), Canal Zone (Barro 

 Colorado), Colon (Portobelo), and western San Bias (Mandinga) ; 

 Isla Cebaco. 



These becards are found singly or in pairs, near the ground in thick- 

 ets or in trees in the higher branches. In dense forest they frequent 

 the more open areas along the rivers. They appear regularly in 

 scattered trees in pastures, other clearings, and over coffee planta- 

 tions. Around towns it is common to encounter them in suburban 

 shade trees. They move quietly among the branches, searching for 

 insects, often taking the larger kinds by flying up to seize them 

 from leaves. They also feed on ripening berries, in company with 



