300 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA — PART 3 



The immature male, when grown, has the throat black like the 

 female. 



A male, collected at El Llano, eastern Province of Panama, 

 February 9, 1962, had the iris dark wood brown; bare rims of eyelids 

 black, the lower lid with a narrow band of white feathers ; tip of 

 maxilla black; rest of bill rather light neutral gray; tarsus and toes 

 slate-black ; claws black ; inside of mouth pale neutral gray. Another, 

 taken near Armila, San Bias, March 7, 1963, had the iris clear brown; 

 tip of bill black, rest neutral gray ; tarsus and toes dusky neutral 

 gray; claws black; under side of toe pads, dull honey yellow. 



A female accompanying the male of March 7 was similar to it. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Canal Zone, eastern Province of 

 Panama, and Darien), wing 179.5-187.5 (183.0), tail 106.4-112.4 

 (110.3), culmen from base 24.0-28.5 (26.3), tarsus 23.7-25.6 

 (24.7) mm. 



Females (10 from Bocas del Toro, Colon, Canal Zone, Darien, 

 and San Bias), wing 172.0-178.0 (174.8), tail 105.2-113.3 (109.1), 

 culmen from base 24.0-27.4 (25.8), tarsus 23.1-24.8 (23.9) mm. 



Resident. Common locally in forested areas in the Tropical Zone. 

 On the Pacific side from the southern Canal Zone (K-9 Road, Chiva 

 Chiva, Pedro Miguel) to the Colombian boundary in eastern Darien; 

 on the Caribbean side throughout, from western Bocas del Toro, 

 northern Veraguas and northern Code, Colon, northern Canal Zone, 

 and San Bias to Colombia. Recorded in Darien to about 575 meters 

 on the base of Cerro Tacarcuna, and near Cana, on Cerro Pirre. In 

 the Canal Zone they are common in the forests of the Atlantic slope. 

 Wandering groups occasionally appear on the Pacific side in the 

 suburban area of Balboa — more commonly along the valley of the Rio 

 Caimitillo. 



The fruit-crow in Panama ranges in pairs or small groups of 

 several individuals in forested areas through the tree crown, where 

 their presence at a distance may be noted from their curious, loud 

 notes. The Cuna Indians from these call them Toafoa. Though indi- 

 viduals are not timid they may be difficult to see as they are not active 

 in movement, usually perching quietly among the leaves, or on larger 

 branches. The best views of them come as they fly across open 

 spaces above small plantations cleared in forest, or when they are 

 found feeding with trogons and other forest birds in fruiting trees. 

 They flutter out quickly to seize berries at the ends of branches, re- 

 turning immediately to more secure perches, where briefly they may 

 remain quiet. At such times males show a flash of color from the 



