314 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 3 



end of Cerro Azul, April 23, 1949, and others at Mandinga, San 

 Bias, January 25, 1957. Goldman in 1911 collected a male June 3 

 near the Rio Cascajal east of Portobelo, and a female June 7 on 

 Cerro Bruja. Eastward, to the Colombian boundary the form is more 

 common on both slopes. I found it near Mandinga in January 1957, 

 and in the Chagres Valley back of Madden Lake in 1961. Thomas 

 Barbour collected it on Cerro Sapo, and at Jesucito in 1922. It was 

 common at Jaque in 1946, and on the upper Rio Jaque in 1947, in 

 eastern Darien. It is recorded at several localities on the Rio Tuira 

 and the Chucunaque to 575 meters on the Rio Tacarcuna. 



Commonly, I have found these birds in undergrowth in forest, 

 often resting quietly. Also at times they have been in small groups in, 

 or immediately below, the high tree crown. As they move they often 

 flit the wings quickly, and then fly rapidly. While not noisy, I heard 

 them give rattling calls and also a faint, trilling song. At Armila, 

 San Bias, males displayed by flying with fully spread wings through 

 dark, heavily shaded undergrowth, an action that made them appear 

 twice their usual size. These evidently were on their mating as- 

 semblies. 



PIPRA MENTALIS IGNIFERA Bangs: Red-capped Manakin, 

 Saltarin Cabecicolorado 



Figure 29 



Pipra mentalis ignifera Bangs, Auk, vol. 18, no. 4, October 1901, p. 363. (Divala, 

 Chiriqui, Panama.) 



Small ; male, crown and hindneck bright red, body black ; female 

 and immature male, greenish olive above, somewhat paler on lower 

 surface, with foreneck and abdomen yellowish olive. 



Description. — Length 90-100 mm. Adult male, inner secondaries 

 stiffened, with the shafts somewhat enlarged for two-thirds of the 

 length, compressed laterally, projecting slightly in the center on the 

 lower side. Chin yellow, or yellowish white; rest of head and hind- 

 neck bright red, the feathers white to pale yellow basally ; axillars 

 and inner under wing coverts pale yellow ; inner webs of primaries 

 grayish brown, of secondaries pale yellow ; rest of plumage black. 



Adult female, upper surface greenish olive; lower foreneck and 

 breast paler olive ; throat, abdomen, tibia, and under tail coverts dull 

 greenish yellow ; axillars and under wing coverts pale yellow ; inner 

 margins of wing feathers pale grayish brown. 



Immature male, like female, often with a trace of red in the crown. 



In adult males, the iris in several specimens varied from ivory- 



