FAMILY PIPRIDAE 315 



white to yellowish white or pale yellow ; maxilla and usually the tip 

 of the mandible light to dark brown or fuscous, often darker at the 

 tip ; tip of mandible in most dark like the maxilla, shading to brownish 

 white at the base; tarsus light brown to dull brown, with the toes 

 similar, or in some fuscous ; claws grayish brown to wood brown. 



Female, iris dark brown to mouse brown, occasionally pale yellow ; 

 maxilla and tip of mandible dull wood brown to fuscous, in some with 

 the cutting edge of maxilla and mandible paler ; tarsus and toes dull 

 brown to dull neutral gray ; in some the gape dull orange. 



Measurements. — Males (16 from Chiriqui, Bocas del Toro, Canal 

 Zone, Province of Panama, and western San Bias), wing 54.5-59.6 

 (56.2), tail 23.2-26.9 (23.6), culmen from base 9.9-12.0 (10.7), 

 tarsus 13.4-15.9 (14.3, average of 15) mm. 



Females (18 from Chiriqui, Bocas del Toro, Province of Panama, 

 Canal Zone, and western San Bias), wing 55.4-61.2 (58.0). tail 24.0- 

 28.5 (26.1), culmen from base 10.0-12.6 (11.4), tarsus 13.3-15.8 

 (14.3) mm. 



Weights 13.4-14.7 grams in three females, recorded by R. S. 

 Crossin near Gamboa. 



Resident. Locally common in the Tropical Zone ; from the Costa 

 Rican boundary, on the Pacific slope in Chiriqui, and southern 

 Veraguas east locally to the base of Cerro Chucanti, in the Serrania de 

 Maje. (It is not known from the eastern side of the Azuero Peninsula 

 and the savanna area, in Code and western Province of Panama.) 

 On the Caribbean side, locally east from the Costa Rican boundary 

 in Bocas del Toro through northern Veraguas and Code, and western 

 Comarca de San Bias (Mandinga) ; to 600 meters elevation in the 

 Cerro Azul. 



The race was named by Bangs from a series of specimens taken by 

 W. W. Brown, Jr., near Divala in the final months of 1900. Earlier, 

 Arce had collected specimens at Bugaba in this same region, and at 

 Mina de Chorcha near David. As the Red-crowned Manakin primarily 

 is a forest inhabitant it is now greatly restricted in abundance in this 

 area in Chiriqui due to clearing for agriculture. On June 1, 1953, 

 I collected an adult female in low second growth at La Isleta on the 

 Rio San Pablo, below Sona, Veraguas, in an area where there were 

 many Manacus aurantiacus. Dr. John Aldrich (Scient. Publ. Cleve- 

 land Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1937, pp. 92-93) found this manakin 

 common near Paracote, where the Rio Angulo enters the north- 

 western shore of Bahia Montijo. There is no record beyond this 

 point through the southern and eastern side of the Azuero Peninsula 



