320 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA — PART 3 



occasionally with the black feathers of the adult body plumage 

 present. 



An adult male, taken at Armila, San Bias, March 5, 1963, had 

 the iris white ; maxilla light mouse brown ; mandible dull buffy white ; 

 tarsus, toes, and claws pale brown. In some males seen the eye was 

 light yellow, possibly immature birds recently molted to adult stage. 

 An adult female from Armila, collected March 4, had the iris mouse 

 brown, maxilla fuscous-black ; mandible dull white ; gape dull honey 

 yellow, tars.us brownish neutral gray ; feet dark neutral gray ; claws, 

 light neutral gray. Another female, taken March 11, had the iris light 

 mouse brown ; maxilla fuscous-brown ; tarsus and toes pale dull 

 reddish brown ; claws dark mouse brown. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Province of Panama, Darien, 

 and San Bias), wing 55.9-58.6 (57.4), tail 17.0-19.7 (18.2), culmen 

 from base 9.9-11.3 (10.8), tarsus 13.5-14.9 (14.0) mm. 



Females (10 from Province of Panama, Darien, and San Bias), 

 wing 57.4-59.5 (58.3). tail 19.5-21.1 (20.3), culmen from base 10.0- 

 12.0 (10.8), tarsus 14.0-15.0 (14.2) mm. 



Resident. Common in Tropical Zone forests, on the Pacific slope 

 from Chepo (Rio Mamoni), Chiman, Charco del Toro, and Cerro 

 Chucanti. eastern Province of Panama, through Darien ; to 600 meters 

 on Cerro Pirre, 875 meters on Cerro Tacarcuna ; on the Caribbean 

 side through eastern San Bias (Bahia Caledonia, Armila, Puerto 

 Obaldia.) 



Though the total area occupied by this species in Panama is con- 

 siderably less in linear extent than that of the related Red-capped 

 Manakin it is probable that the total population of the present species 

 numerically is greater. The Golden-headed Manakin, like its relative, 

 is a forest species, but one able to adapt to older second growth. It 

 dififers in ranging higher in the trees, usually from 5 to 15 meters, 

 among the leaves of the taller undergrowth and the lower tree crown. 

 Also from ten to twenty or more may be found associated in loose 

 company. Each adult male in these groups has his special perch, 

 usually a slender horizontal branch without leaves, less often a length 

 of vine. D. W. Snow who has studied this species especially in 

 Trinidad (Zool., New York Zool. Soc, vol. 47, 1962, pp. 185-186) 

 says of it, "In resting posture, it sits hunched, with body-feathers 

 fluffed and legs concealed. When it begins to display its appearance 

 changes markedly ; it sleeks its plumage and stretches its legs, so that 

 the red and white thigh feathers appear. . . . With the legs stretched 

 . . . and the body held rather horizontally, the bird makes rapid 



