FAMILY PIPRIDAE 329 



Characters. — Adult male, with lower margin of white of throat 

 straight across the upper foreneck. Female, in some averaging faintly 

 lighter on the lower breast and abdomen, but not always separable 

 from that of heteroleuca. 



An adult male, taken on Cerro Azul, April 12, 1949, had the iris 

 dark brown ; maxilla black ; mandible neutral gray ; tarsus dark 

 brown ; feet dark neutral gray. Another, from Cerro Chucanti, March 

 8, 1950, was similar, except that the tarsus was dull reddish brown, 

 and the feet fuscous. A third, from the Caribbean slope on the head 

 of Rio Guabal, northern Code, February 28, 1962, had the iris 

 reddish brown. 



In a female, from the head of Rio Guabal the iris was dark brown ; 

 maxilla and tip of mandible black; base of mandible dull neutral 

 gray ; tarsus and toes dusky neutral gray. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Bocas del Toro, Code, Province 

 of Panama, San Bias, and Darien), wing 58.0-61.7 (58.9), tail 27.1- 

 30.2 (28.9), culmen from base 9.0-9.8 (9.4), tarsus 15.^16.4 

 (15.9) mm. 



Females (10 from Bocas del Toro, Code, Province of Panama, 

 and Darien), wing 59.1-61.4 (60.0), tail 28.2-32.2 (29.4), culmen 

 from base 10.1-11.1 (10.3), tarsus 15.9-16.6 (16.2) mm. 



Weight of a male, 11.7 grams; taken by R. S. Crossin on Cerro 

 Azul, August 13, 1968. 



Resident. Locally fairly common on the Pacific slope from eastern 

 Chiriqui (Cerro Flores), central Veraguas (Santa Fe, Chitra, 

 Laguna de Castillo), and the central mountains of the Azuero 

 Peninsula (Cerro Viejo, Cavulla, Cerro Hoya) to southern Code 

 (El Valle), western Province of Panama (Cerro Campana), eastern 

 Province of Panama (Cerro Azul, Cerro Chucanti), and Darien 

 (Cerro Sapo, Cerro Mali, Cerro Tacarcuna, Cerro Pirre, Jaque). On 

 the Caribbean slope from western Bocas del Toro, through northern 

 Veraguas, and northern Code; and in eastern San Bias to the Co- 

 lombian boundary. 



The bird is not found in the lowland area of the Canal Zone (its 

 listing there by Aldrich, before the full range was known, being an 

 oversight). 



E. A. Goldman in his work on Cerro Pirre in 1912 collected a male 

 and three females between 1060 and 1375 meters elevation above Cana 

 from May 2 to June 7, the first record for Panama. In the western 

 area of its range Aldrich (Scient. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 vol. 7, 1937, pp. 94-95) in February and March 1932, found the 



