FAMILY PIPRIDAE 339 



Arce's number 1075. Possibly it came from Arce's work near Santa 

 Fe, as there are no modern records for Veraguas except in that area. 

 A female (no. 106535) in the American Museum of Natural History 

 labeled "Coiba, J. H. Batty, June 23, 1901. $" is without question one 

 with erroneous data. 



Gould, in the original description says that his type, which he had 

 figured in two positions, "was procured by Mr. Hinds at Panama, and 

 is the only one I have seen." Panama in this instance is taken to mean 

 Panama City, where the Sulphur, the ship on which Hinds traveled, 

 must have docked or anchored. It is therefore a probable locality. 

 "Lion Hill, Canal Zone," suggested by Griscom (Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., vol. 69, 1929, p. 180), a station on the Panama Railroad, not 

 established until much later, was a remote point distant in the jungle 

 when the type was collected. 



At the western end of the range there are specimens from Crica- 

 mola on the Laguna de Chiriqui in the Museum of Comparative 

 Zoology and in the University of California at Los Angeles (taken 

 by Loye Miller along the western side of the Valiente Peninsula). 

 Others were collected by Benson at Cocoplum on the base of the 

 Valiente Peninsula on the seaward side. 



The small doctorcito, long known as Gould's Manakin, common 

 throughout much of its range, is widely distributed in open forest 

 through the Tropical Zone. While it may be found among higher 

 branches, particularly where attracted by the berries that are its 

 staple food, it is more frequently noted in the lower undergrowth of 

 the forests that form its haunts. Its presence usually is indicated by 

 the calls of males, and the explosive sounds made by their wings 

 during their displays. When these are heard one may be seen by 

 watching for a few minutes, when its bright colors may be detected 

 among the leaves. During the long breeding season from late Febru- 

 ary to August they are definitely sedentary, moving about mainly to 

 secure food. This may include small spiders or insects, but is com- 

 posed mainly of berries of the common melastomes, or small figs. It 

 is the males that are seen most often because of their bright plumage 

 and active movements. The quieter, dull-colored females, which must 

 be equally common, attract the eye less often. 



Information on mating and habits in general comes largely through 

 studies made on Barro Colorado Island, particularly those of Dr. 

 Frank M. Chapman (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 68, 1935, 

 pp. 471-525; Life in an Air Castle, 1938, pp. 133-149). The usual 

 calls, high-pitched in tone, are chee pooh and pec yn, the latter 



