FAMILY TYRANNIDAE 357 



The group has close alHes in the cotinga family, also of American 

 origin. Though detailed anatomy of many is still unknown, it seems 

 probable that as information develops these two assemblages, as 

 treated at present, may be united under subfamily headings. Other 

 than this, the closest alliance is with the Manakins, the family 

 Pipridae. 



KEY TO SPECIES OF TYRANNIDAE : TYRANT FLYCATCHERS 



1. One pair of the tail feathers much elongated, projecting definitely beyond 



those adjacent 2 



Tail feathers all of equal or nearly equal length 4 



2. The two central rectrices elongated. 



Long-tailed tyrant. Colonic colonus leuconota, p. 367 

 The two lateral feathers, one on either side, elongated 3 



3. Crown black ; under surface white. 



Fork-tailed flycatcher, Muscivora tyrannus moiiachns, p. 375 

 Crown light gray ; sides and under tail coverts pink to red. 



Scissor -tailed flycatcher, Muscivora forficaia. p. 373 



4. Dull black above and below, except for white abdomen and slight wing 



markings Black phoebe, Sayornis nigricans, p. 364 



Not extensively dull black above and below 5 



5. White, or faintly grayish white on lower surface, without markings ; size 



medium, length more than 100 mm 6 



Not white, or grayish white as above, or length less than 100 mm.... 9 



6. Under surface, forecrown, back, and rump pure white. 



Pied water-tyrant, Fluvicola pica pica, p. 370 

 Under surface white, with breast faintly grayish ; no white in crown. ... 7 



7. Crown wholly black ; back light gray. 



Sirystes, Sirystes sibilator albogriseus, p. 433 

 Crown with a central area of scarlet or red ; back darker 8 



8. Crown and back gray ; tail dusky. 



Gray kingbird, Tyranmis dominicensis dominicensis, p. 382 

 Crown black ; back blackish slate ; tail black with white tip. 



Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus, p. 379 



9. Under surface bright red (male), or flanks, under tail coverts, pink to 



light red (female) ... .Vermilion flycatcher, Pyrocephalus ruhinus, p. 372 

 Under surface not red 10 



10. A large, broad crest of orange to red. 



Royal flycatcher, Onychorhynchus mcxicanus fratcrculus, p. 496 

 Not broadly or brightly crested 11 



11. Medium to large size, length 180-200 mm; breast and throat buflf, lightly 



streaked ; or entire under surface heavily streaked 12 



Size and markings not as above 14 



12. Breast and throat buff^, lightly streaked ; back and hindneck greenish 



gray, without markings. 



Golden-crowned flycatcher, Myiodynasfcs chrysoccphalus minor, p. 401 

 Heavily streaked above and below; tail rufous, with a dark shaft line.. 13 



