372 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 3 



are listed here under a trinomial heading, in line with current usage 

 for those found from Colombia to the Guianas, their union as a 

 species with Fhivicola albiventer of farther south in South America 

 should have careful study in areas where the two approach. In the 

 considerable series that I have examined albiventer has differed 

 consistentl}' in lack of white on the dorsal surface, except on the 

 head and in a restricted area on the rump, wings, and tail tip. 



Belcher and Smooker (Ibis. 1937. pp. 227-228) in Trinidad wrote 

 that nests "may be found at almost any season, but particularly during 

 the rains from June to October. The nest is placed without conceal- 

 ment towards the end of a bough of a small bush or tree at a height 

 which may vary from a few inches over the ground or water (usually 

 the latter) to thirty feet. In shape it is a vertically-placed oval with 

 entrance-hole (at one side near the top) sometimes screened by a 

 projecting porch. Materials used are dried grass and weed stems, 

 plant-down and leaves, the egg chamber being lined with feathers, 

 generally white ones. The eggs number two or three. They are 

 biconical, the shell being fairly thick and of a pure glossless white, 

 with infrequent scattered markings evenly distributed in the form 

 of speckles, spots, and an occasional small blotch. Eight average 

 17.2x13.3 mm." Hellebrekers (Zool. Med. Rijksm. Nat. Hist. 

 Leiden, vol. 24, 1942, p. 256) who lists 16 sets of 2 eggs and 5 of 

 3 in the Penard collection from Surinam describes them as "oval, 

 sometimes spherical, nearly glossless . . . white. Spots : marked at 

 the large end with small, but also larger spots of red-brown." 



PYROCEPHALUS RUBINUS (Boddaert) : Vermilion Flycatcher, 



Cardenalito 



Muscicapa rnhinus Boddaert, Tabl. Planch. Enlum.. 1783, p. 42. (Tefe, Brazil.) 



Rather small ; male, crown, and under surface bright red ; female, 

 breast and foreneck white, lightly streaked with gray, abdomen pale 

 red in some races. 



Description. — Length, 126-132 mm. Adult male, crown and under 

 surface bright red, in some varying to orange ; side of head, including 

 lores dusky to grayish brown ; back, rump, scapulars, and wing 

 coverts grayish brown ; upper tail coverts, tail, primaries, and secon- 

 daries dusky ; wing coverts and secondaries edged with grayish white ; 

 tail with outermost rectrix edged, and all rectrices tipped narrowly, 

 with grayish white. 



Adult female, upper surface grayish brown ; upper tail coverts, 

 wings and tail dark grayish brown to dusky ; forehead dull white ; 



