438 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 3 



In the early morning they may come to drink at the border of shaded 

 stream banks or at small forest pools. 



The species is widely distributed throughout much of tropical 

 America from western and southern Mexico through Central America 

 and in South America to Peru and southeastern Brazil. In much 

 of this area it is fairly common, so that numerous specimens are 

 found in large museum collections. Two subspecies occur in Panama, 

 one in the east and one in the west. While Attila spodiceiis has been 

 placed in the Cotingidae, studies of the syrinx by Peter Ames (Pea- 

 body Mus. Nat. Hist.. Bull. 37, 1971, pp. 37, 39. 160-161) and of 

 the skull (not yet published) by Stuart L. Warter, indicate that the 

 genus should be transferred to the New World Flycatcher family, 

 the Tyrannidae, where the relationship seems nearest to the genus 

 Myiarchiis. 



Individual variation in color is considerable, so that a specimen 

 assigned from its locality to one form may tend toward the coloration 

 of another. Brown-backed birds, for example, are found regularly 

 in the general area of the race sclatcri (which normally is green), 

 but in series the two races may be separated. They give the impres- 

 sion of forms in which the differences marking the groups are not 

 yet wholly stabilized. 



ATTILA SPADICEUS CITREOPYGA (Bonaparte) 



DasyccpliaJa citrcopyga Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris), vol. 38, 

 1854 (not earlier than April 3), p. 657. (Nicaragua.) 



Characters. — Darker ; more reddish brown on back ; crown more 

 heavily streaked with black ; rump and upper tail coverts darker, 

 more deeply Iniff ; slightly larger. 



A male, collected on Isla Parida, Golfo de Chiriqui, February 5, 

 1963, had the iris auburn; maxilla and tip of mandible fuscous; base 

 of mandible dull neutral gray ; tarsus, toes, and claws dark neutral 

 gray. Another, taken at Puerto Armuelles, Chiriqui, March 7, 1966, 

 had the iris bright reddish brown ; base of mandible, basal two-thirds 

 of cutting edge of maxilla, and extreme tip of maxilla and mandible 

 dull brownish neutral gray; rest of bill fuscous-black; tarsus, toes 

 and claws dark bluish neutral gray ; under side of toe pads very dull 

 honey yellow. 



Measurements. — Males ( 10 from Chiriqui. Bocas del Toro. and 

 Veraguas). wing 88.0-91.8 (90.0), tail 69.7-74.0 (71.8). culmen 

 from base 24.0-27.5 (25.6). tarsus 24.0-25.6 (24.9) mm. 



Females (10 from Chiriqui. Veraguas. Los Santos, Bocas del Toro, 



