446 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 3 



back and side of the lower expanded end of the tibiotarsus. On the 

 upper end of the tarsus there are several roughened scutes in which, in 

 ascending order, the lower edge of the projection becomes steadily 

 larger. In its greatest development the projections become sharply- 

 tipped spurs of conical form on both tarsus and tibiotarsus. The 

 illustration of the foot of this species in Ridgway (U.S. Nat. Mus. 

 Bull. 50, pt. 4. 1907, pi. 30) shows the extent of the scalation above 

 the joint, but not the maximum development in which the upper 

 scales project as points. 



The condition is found in the races of the present species, and 

 in the two others, Rhytipterna simplex and R. immunda placed with 

 it in the genus. 



Rhytipterna h. holerythra ranges through Central America from 

 eastern Guatemala southward. Beyond Panama it continues in 

 northern Colombia from extreme northern Choco (Acandi) east to 

 the middle Magdalena Valley. The somewhat darker subspecies 

 R. It. rosenhergi is found on the Pacific slope from Central Choco 

 (Nuqui) southward to northwestern Ecuador. 



LIPAUGUS UNIRUFUS UNIRUFUS Sclater: Rufous Piha, 

 Minero Acanelado 



Lipaiigns nnirujus P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859 (February 

 1860) p. 385. (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, Mexico.) 



Lathria nnirufa clara Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 19, Sep- 

 tember 6, 1906, p. 120. (Line of the Panama Railroad, Canal Zone, Panama.) 



Medium size ; cinnamon-brown to russet, without other distinctive 

 markings. 



Description. — Length 220-240 mm. Adult (sexes alike), crown 

 cinnamon-brown, with shaft lines faintly paler; back, scapulars, and 

 rump duller, upper tail coverts slightly paler, brighter ; wings dusky- 

 brown with the outer webs rufous-brown ; tail rufous-brown ; under 

 surface cinnamon-brown, somewhat paler on the throat; a bushy tuft 

 of pale buff feathers at either side of the center of the abdomen, con- 

 cealed by longer overlying feathers ; inider wing coverts, axillars, and 

 edge of wing pale rufous. 



A female, taken at the head of the Rio Guabal, Code, February 27, 

 1962, had the iris dark brown ; maxilla dusky neutral gray, with the 

 area below the nostrils dull buffy brown ; tip of mandible neutral gray, 

 base dull buffy brown ; tarsus and toes dark gray with a slight greenish 

 cast. An(jther from Puerto Armuelles, Chiriqui, March 8, 1966, had 

 the iris dark brown ; cutting edge of maxilla and basal half of 



