FAMILY TYRANNIDAE 447 



mandible light grayish brown ; rest of bill fuscous-brown ; tarsus and 

 toes slaty brown, with the scutes outlined by light gray ; claws slate 

 at base, dull brown at point. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Chiriqui, Canal Zone, Province 

 of Panama, and Darien), wing 125.0-132.9 (128.8), tail 95.6-103.9 

 (100.8), culmen from base 21.0-24.6 (22.7), tarsus 20.0-22.5 

 (21.1) mm. 



Females (10 from Chiriqui, Code, Province of Panama, and 

 Darien), wing 121.(^128.0 (124.4), tail 93.8-104.2 (98.0), culmen 

 from base 22.3-24.4 (23.3), tarsus 20.4-22.4 (21.2) mm. 



Resident. Locally common, in forests in the lower Tropical Zone; 

 on the Pacific slope from western Chiriqui eastward through Darien, 

 except the Azuero Peninsula. On the Caribbean side rarely from 

 Bocas del Toro (one record) to northern Code; commonly from the 

 lower Chagres Valley east through San Bias; to 1200 meters on 

 Cirro Pirre. 



While this species is primarily a forest inhabitant, it does not 

 seem to range commonly in the more humid areas of rain forest. As 

 indication of this, it seems to be rare on the Caribbean slope from the 

 Costa Rican boundary east to northernmost Code. The only record 

 available at present for the lowlands of Bocas del Toro is one prepared 

 by R. Hinds, taken at Almirante in January 1961. On the Rio Guabal 

 at the headwaters of the Rio Code del Norte I found two and 

 collected one of them February 27, 1962. In the lower Chagres 

 Valley, especially in the Canal Zone it is rather common. In San 

 Bias I recorded it at Mandinga, and eastward it has been found at 

 Perme, Armila, and Puerto Obaldia. On the Pacific slope, where it 

 has been recorded regularly from Cerro Azul eastward, it ranges 

 fairly high on the slopes of Cerro Pirre, but not on Cerro Tacarcuna. 

 The few countrymen who know them have called them pdjaro 

 chocolate. 



They live mainly in the cover of leaves in the high tree crown, 

 their presence known usually by their loud explosive calls, and equally 

 loud whistled song. It is usual to find two or three together. Occa- 

 sionally they have been attracted by whistled imitations of their 

 calls, and then have come down a little from their leafy cover to peer 

 about. When silent their presence undoubtedly is unsuspected. 



The five nests recorded by Skutch (Pac. Coast Avif., no. 35. 1969, 

 pp. 67-76) were placed about 5 to 10 meters from the ground on 

 small branches in forest trees standing in undergrowth. They were 

 small, almost flat mats of coiled tendrils in locations sheltered from 



