FAMILY TYRANNIDAE 453 



Medium size ; above more greenish olive ; axillars and under wing 

 coverts white to pale grayish brown, tipped and edged with white ; 

 longest upper tail covert shorter, with the distance from tip to end of 

 tail greater ; mandible dull white to pale bufif, except for tip. 



Description. — Length 135-145 mm. Adult (sexes alike), above 

 olive with a faintly greenish cast, slightly paler posteriorly, darker on 

 the crown ; wings dusky, with middle and greater coverts tipped with 

 pale gray ; secondaries broadly, inner primaries narrowly, edged with 

 white ; tail dark grayish brown to olive, with edges and tips of 

 rectrices faintly grayer ; bare edge of eyelids black, bordered by a 

 very narrow line of white feathers ; lores very slightly marked with 

 white ; side of head and neck somewhat grayer than back ; throat 

 white to yellowish white, lined indistinctly with pale gray ; lower fore- 

 neck, breast, and sides pale grayish olive, paler on sides and flanks ; 

 lower breast, abdomen, and under tail coverts pale yellowish white, 

 with the central feathers indistinctly grayish olive ; axillars and 

 under wing coverts pale grayish olive, with white or yellowish 

 white margins. 



Juvenile, like adult, but tips of lesser wing coverts, and border of 

 middle and greater coverts buff; much of upper surface narrowly 

 tipped and dotted with pale buff, these markings remaining longest 

 on hindneck, rump, and upper tail coverts ; bill dark. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from the breeding range, from South 

 CaroHna and Kentucky to New Jersey), wing 82.5-89.7 (85.9), tail 

 62.6-67.9 (65.5). culmen from base 15.7-17.0 (16.4), tarsus 12.9- 

 13.7 (13.4), tip of longest upper tail covert to end of tail 33.9-36.8 

 (35.2) mm. 



Females (10 from the breeding range from South Carolina and 

 Kentucky to New Jersey), wing 79.2-83.6 (81.2), tail 60.9-63.9 

 (62.4), culmen from base 14.9-16.1 (15.5), tarsus 13.0-14.2 (13.4), 

 tip of longest upper tail covert to end of tail 32.0-35.5 (34.1) mm. 



Passage migrant from the north to and from winter quarters in 

 northern South America. Common. In southward flight in Panama 

 from September 8 to November 20; northward in spring, March 18 

 to May 16. To 1850 meters near Cerro Punta and 2130 meters above 

 Boquete, Chiriqui. Recorded from islas Pacheca, Bayoneta, and 

 Saboga. Archipielago de las Perlas, Isla Taboguilla in Bahia de 

 Panama, and Isla Escudo de Veraguas, off Bocas del Toro. 



The dates cited are those of specimens collected, and of birds 

 heard calling. Sight records without this verification, supposed to 

 be of this bird, extend the fall movement from the end of August 



