FAMILY TYRANNIDAE 471 



ing before the nest. Later, when the young appeared he shared in 

 their care. When the young left the nest, for a time they rested on a 

 small branch, pressed closely against one another. 



The allocation of the flavescens group is a matter of argument as 

 to its status. Some regard it as a separate species, others as a part 

 of the Empidonax difficilis complex. The birds of western Chiriqui 

 are like those of Costa Rica, the type locality of flavescens Lawrence. 

 The characters on which two races were named by Griscom, floresae 

 from eastern Chiriqui and chitrae from the mountains of Veraguas, 

 are duplicated in an extensive series from western Chiriqui and Costa 

 Rica so that the proposed forms are not recognized. Empidonax 

 flavescens here is regarded as a distinct species in accordance with 

 discussion by Zimmer (Amer. Mus. Nov., no. 1605, 1953, pp. 3-7). 



EMPIDONAX ALBIGULARIS AUSTRALIS Miller and Griscom: 

 White-throated Flycatcher, Moscareta Barbiblanca 



Empidonax albigitlaris aitstralis Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., no. 159, 

 February 16, 1925, p. 5. (San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua.) 



Small ; under tail coverts, tibia, edge of wing, and under wing 

 coverts buff; brownish olive above, with upper tail coverts buffy 

 brown. 



Description. — Length 118-125 mm. Adult (sexes alike), upper 

 surface brownish olive, with the crown darker, rump and upper 

 tail coverts somewhat olive-buff ; wings dusky, middle and greater 

 coverts edged with buffy white, forming two bars ; secondaries edged 

 with buffy white ; tail dusky brown ; outer web of the outermost 

 rectrix edged narrowly with dull white ; rectrices tipped lightly with 

 dull buffy white ; a narrow ring around eye dull white ; lores with a 

 spot of grayish white ; side of head and of neck grayish brown ; throat 

 and foreneck white ; a slightly marked band of buffy olive-brown 

 across the breast ; abdomen and under tail coverts light buffy yellow ; 

 lower flanks and tibia light cinnamon-buff. 



Juvenile, darker brown on back, crown and cheeks ; whiter on lower 

 surface, without a distinct breast band ; tibia, wing bars, and edge of 

 wing cinnamon-buff ; under tail coverts faintly buff. 



Measurements. — Males (8 from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and 

 Chiriqui). wing 60.5-62.3 (6L5), tail 49.^54.5 (52.3), culmen 

 from base 13.4-14.7 (13.9), tarsus 16.1-16.7 (16.4) mm. 



Females (6 from Honduras. Costa Rica, Chiriqui, and Canal 

 Zone), wing 57.9-61.1 (58.9), tail 50.3-53.0 (51.1), culmen from 

 base 13.8-14.6 (14.1), tarsus 16.0-16.7 (16.3) mm. 



