FAMILY TYRANNIDAE 515 



pana, western Province of Panama; to 1600 meters on Silla de Cerro 

 Pando west of El Volcan, and 1675 meters above Boquete ; on the 

 Caribbean slope recorded at Calovevora, Veraguas. 



In Chiriqui I have taken it in forest at 1190 meters above Santa 

 Clara near the Costa Rican boundary, and at 1280 meters near El 

 Volcan. (A report of one collected by W.W. Brown, Jr., at 2280 

 meters above Boquete appears questionable.) One in the British 

 Museum was collected in 1869 by Arce on the base of the volcano at 

 Bugaba. In Veraguas early records by Salvin, from specimens now 

 in the British Museum, include Santa Fe on the Pacific side, and 

 Calovevora on the Caribbean slope. May 16, 1953, I collected a 

 laying female in gallery forest at Arena, 15 kilometers west of Sona. 

 Aldrich (Scient. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1937, p. 105) 

 found them in February 1932, on the Rio Mariato in the northwestern 

 Azuero Peninsula. March 13, 1951, I collected a male in forest at 

 850 meters on the south face of Cerro Campana, western Province 

 of Panama. As the species is found on the Caribbean slope in Costa 

 Rica, it may be expected in Bocas del Toro (though not yet recorded) . 

 The two specimens in the British Museum taken by Arce, labeled 

 Calovevora, come from farther east on the Caribbean slope. It should 

 be noted also that Lawrence (Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 



1861, p. 329) listed it with a query as taken by Galbraith and Mc- 

 Leannan on the Atlantic slope of the Canal Zone, and later (idem, 



1862, p. 473) confirmed the identification as valid. 



On the few occasions that I have encountered this species I have 

 seen single individuals in heavy forest where they moved or rested 

 quietly, on the watch for insects on the leaves. They ranged from the 

 undergrowth to the lower treecrown. Slud (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 vol. 128, 1964, p. 263) in Costa Rica found them on occasion in com- 

 pany with moving bands of other small forest birds. He describes 

 the call as a harsh, explosive note, and remarks further that this bird 

 was "regularly attracted to driving army ants. It may then perch only 

 a foot from the ground and, sitting quietly as usual amid the com- 

 motion, look up and about in round-eyed lethargy." 



The range of this nominate form of the species extends north to 

 Veracruz, Mexico. Though it is reported to leave the northern area 

 after the nesting season, details of the migration are not known. 

 Wagner ( Ver. Uberseemuseum Bremen, Reihe A, bd. 2, December 

 1953, pp. 211-212) has reported in some detail that both sexes molt 

 the primaries during the nesting season. 



Skutch (Pac. Coast Avif., no. 34, 1960, pp. 508-513) describes the 



