FAMILY TYRANNIDAE 553 



abdomen, under tail coverts, axillars, edge of wing, and under wing 

 coverts pale yellow ; tibia dusky tipped with yellowish white. 



Juvenile, faintly browner above, especially on the upper tail coverts 

 and tail. 



A male, at El Volcan, Chiriqui, February 26, 1954, and another 

 at El Cope, Code, February 22, 1962, had the iris dark brown ; 

 maxilla and tip of mandible fuscous ; base of mandible flesh color ; 

 tarsus, toes, and claws black. A female from Gago, Code, January 20, 

 1963, had the iris brown ; distal half of bill fuscous-black ; base of 

 mandible flesh color, of maxilla dark mouse brown ; tarsus, toes, and 

 claws black. In another female, from Isla Gobernadora, Veraguas, 

 collected January 8, 1965, the iris was brown, tip of bill fuscous 

 brown ; base of maxilla dull brown, of mandible brownish flesh color ; 

 tarsus and toes dark neutral gray ; claws black. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Chiriqui, Veraguas, Herrera, 

 Code, and Province of Panama), wing 71.4-78.7 (74.2), tail 57.8- 

 64.2 (62.3), culmen from base 12.0-13.7 (12.9), tarsus 16.0-17.0 

 (16.4) mm. 



Females (10 from Chiriqui, Veraguas, Code, Los Santos, Herrera, 

 Province of Panama, and Canal Zone), wing 65.5-70.1 (67.8), tail 

 54.5-59.6 (56.6), culmen from base 11.6-12.8 (12.2), tarsus 15.9- 

 16.7(16.3) mm. 



Resident. Common, mainly in the Tropical Zone, occasionally to 

 1900 meters in the Subtropical Zone on open slopes ; on the Pacific 

 slope from western Chiriqui east through Veraguas, Code, the eastern 

 side of the Azuero Peninsula (south to Tonosi), and Province of 

 Panama to the La Jagua marshes and the lower Rio Bayano ; in the 

 Canal Zone extending north on the Caribbean slope in the lower 

 Chagres Valley (Barro Colorado Island). Isla Coiba ; Islas Gober- 

 nadora and Cebaco, Golfo de Montijo ; Archipielago de las Perlas 

 (Islas San Jose, Rey, Viveros). On Volcan de Chiriqui to 1825 

 meters at Cerro Punta, 1900 meters above Llanos del Volcan, and 

 1600 meters above Boquete ; 850 meters on Cerro Campana. 



While ranging widely in forested areas, this species is noticed 

 most often in open areas of scattered trees and shrubbery. It is 

 common on slopes in the foothills of the mountains in open growth 

 in pastures and the borders of cultivated lands. It may be recorded 

 at times in gallery forest. On Isla Coiba, while they were common 

 in the usual haunts of low second growth and the bushes in pasture- 

 land, they lived regularly also among the leaves in the tops of the 

 tallest trees far above the ground. 



