576 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 3 



Zone, Colon, and Darien), wing 47.7-55.2 (51.4), tail 39.0-46.7 

 (42.2). culmen from base 9.0-9.9 (9.4), tarsus 15.6-16.7 (16.1) mm. 



Females (10 from Chiriqui, Bocas del Toro, Code, and Province 

 of Panama), wing 42.5-50.8 (45.2), tail 31.7-37.0 (34.2), culmen 

 from base 8.^9.7 (9.0), tarsus 13.9-15.0 (14.5) mm. 



Resident. Common in forested and brushy areas throughout the 

 Tropical Zone. On the Pacific slope in Chiriqui, from near the Costa 

 Rican boundary (Sereno and Divala to Chame and San Felix), to 

 the Subtropical Zone on the volcano (1525 meters below Cerro Punta, 

 and 2000 meters above Boquete) ; along the hill slopes in Veraguas 

 to Santa Fe, Chitra, Paracote at the head of Golfo de Montijo, and 

 Cerro Montuoso in the northern Azuero Peninsula, on the boundary 

 with Herrera; El Valle, Code, and Cerro Campana, east through 

 the Canal Zone and the Province of Panama to Chepo, the Rio Maje, 

 and Darien (Cerro Sapo, Cana, and the base of Cerro Tacarcuna). 

 (Not recorded on the open plains of Code, or on the eastern side of 

 the Azuero Peninsula.) On the Caribbean side from western Bocas 

 del Toro (Changuinola, Almirante), east through northern Code 

 (El Uracillo) and the northern Canal Zone to eastern Colon (Porto- 

 belo). 



There is no report at present from the Comarca de San Bias, 

 though it is found near Acandi, Choco, at the western side of the 

 entrance of the Golfo de Uraba, in northwestern Colombia, 25 

 kilometers beyond the Panamanian boundary. 



These are quiet, unobtrusive little birds that live in the cover of 

 tree growth and shrubbery, often ranging singly, or equally often 

 found associated with other species of smaller birds that range in 

 company. One may be noted making short flights through the higher 

 branches, then resting quietly under shelter of the leaves to look 

 about. They may perch quietly, or may move quickly, often with 

 vibrating tails. While often under cover, in flight they may also pause 

 on some tall dead stub standing in the open. Any cover from heavy 

 forest to open, scattered second growth or isolated trees is suited to 

 their needs. When found in pairs, the females appear so small, with 

 their bulk seemingly only half that of the males, that the pair often 

 suggests an association of two distinct species. 



Breeding in Panama is indicated from March onward. A female, 

 taken March 1, 1952, at El Uracillo, on the Caribbean slope of Code, 

 held a nearly formed egg. J. R. Karr near Gamboa found one feed- 

 ing a nestling on July 14, 1969. 



Call notes are soft and low so that they seldom attract attention. 

 The food is partly small insects taken during quick movements among 



