PHALiENIDiE. 323 



and is ash colored, sprinkled densely with brown speckles, with 

 three angnlated, transverse, black stripes. 



Geometra and its allies (Nemoria, lodis, and Racheospila) , 

 have smooth, round or angular, entire wings, which are green, 

 often with whitish lines. Geometra is the largest genus; "it 

 has pectinated antennae, and the larva is rather short, downy, 

 with several dorsal humps. The pupa is enclosed in a trans- 

 parent cocoon amongst moss." (Stainton.) G. iridaria Guen. 

 is pea green, with two broad bands, and the costa of the fore 

 wings is white sprinkled with rust red. 



A great many species, often difficult to identify, from the 

 sameness in their markings, are comprised in the genus Acida- 

 lia, which is known by its rather thin wings, with the edges 

 usuall}^ entire, and with stripes and bands and other markings 

 common to both. The hind Avings are often slightly angulated. 

 The larva is smooth, slender, and feeds concealed under low 

 plants. The pupa is subterranean, or lives in a cocoon among 

 leaves. A. nivosaria Guen. is pure white. A. enudeata Guen. 

 is whitish yellow ; its wings are speckled with brown, and 

 with pale lines and submarginal spots. 



Macaria is easily recognized by its falcate wings, which 

 have a rounded excavation below the hooked tip, and there is 

 a rather prominent angle on the hind wings. 

 There are usually two large blotches, one in 

 the middle of the wing, and the other on the 

 outer third of the costa. The larva is rather 

 short and smooth, and feeds on trees and Fig. 249. 



shrubs. The pupa is protected by a cocoon. M. granitata 

 Guen. is gray, with indistinct darker bands and minute black 

 speckles, with a rust red costal spot in front of a black discal 

 spot. 



Zerene is a beautiful genus, with feathery antennre and broad, 

 thin, white wings. Z. catenaria Drury is white with black 

 discal dots, and two black scalloped lines. The larva is a gen- 

 eral feeder, eating sedges, the goldenrod, blueberry, waxwork, 

 and according to Mr. Fish, is injurious to the cranberry. It is 

 a pretty caterpillar (Fig. 249) and is straw colored, the seg- 

 ments being wrinkled and thickened, with two subdorsal darker 

 threads ; the head is yellow with six black dots ; the spiracles 



