410 DIPTERA. 



most curious. When the fly settles upon a lump of sugar or 

 other sweet object, it unbends its tongue, extends it, and the 

 broad knob-like end divides into t^yo flat, muscular leaves (?), 

 which thus present a sucker-like surface, with which the fly laps 

 up liquid sweets. These two leaves are supported upon a 

 framework of tracheal tubes, which act as a set of springs 

 to open and shut the muscular leaves. In the preceding figure, 

 Mr. Emerton has faithfully represented these modified trachese, 

 which end in hairs projecting externally. Thus the inside of 

 this broad fleshy expansion is rough like a rasp, and as Newport 

 states, "is easily employed by the insect in scraping or tearing 

 delicate surfaces. It is by means of this curious structure that 

 the busy house-fly occasions much mischief to the covers of our 

 books, by scraping off the albuminous polish, and leaving tra- 

 cings of its depredations in the soiled and spotted 

 appearance which it occasions on them. It is 

 by means of these also that it teases us in the heat 

 of summer, Avhen it alights on the hand or face 

 to sip the perspiration as it exudes from, and is 

 condensed upon, the skin." 



Every one notices that house-flies are most 

 abundant around barns in August and Septem- 

 ber, and it is in the ordure of stables that the 

 early stages of this insect are passed. No one 

 has traced the transformations of this fi}' in this 

 country, but Ave cop}^ from Bouche's work on the transforma- 

 tions of insects, the rather rude figures of the larva (Eig. 331), 

 and puparium (a) of the Musca domestica of Europe, which is 

 supposed to be our species. Bouche states that the larva is 

 cylindrical, rounded posteriori}', smooth and shining, fleshy, 

 and yellowish white, and is four lines long. The puparium is 

 dark reddish brown, and three lines in length. It remains in 

 the pupa state from eight to fourteen days. In Europe it is 

 preyed upon by minute ichneumon flies (Chalcicls). Mia 

 Bigoti, according to Coquerel and Mondiere, produces a disease 

 in the natives of Senegal, probably b}^ ovipositing on the skin, 

 thus giving rise to hard red fluctuating tumors, in which the 

 larva of this fly resides. 



The species of the genus AntJiomyia, seen about flowers, in 



