LOCUSTAEI^. 565 



into a horn. The ocelli are either present or obsolete, and the 

 e^-es are globular in shape. The antennae are of gi-eat length, 

 as are the legs, which are long and slender. The prothorax is 

 saddle-shaped, and the wings are thin, the anterior pah- slightly 

 thickened, while the hinder pair are broad, these insects taking 

 long flights. The base of the upper wings is transparent, form- 

 ing a drum by which the males produce a loud shrill noise ; 

 they do not rub the hind legs against the wings as do the 

 Acrydii. Scudder states that "the day song of some Locus- 

 tarians differs from that of the night." The abdomen is not 

 of great length, while the ovipositor and male claspers are 

 greatly developed, and are of much importance in classifica- 

 tion. Lacaze-Duthiers describes the typical form as having 

 the subgenital plate formed by the eighth sternite, while the 

 ninth ring is complete. Its elements form the ovipositor, 

 composed of six pieces, whicli are large and long, for boring 

 into the earth and twigs in laying the eggs. The ninth ster- 

 nite is bifid. Similar parts in the males are formed for clasp- 

 ing the body of the female, and are large and long. The eggs 

 are laid in the autumn, and the 3'oung hatch in the spring. 

 The wingless genera have curved, c^dindrical bodies, with 

 long antennae, and are very active, leaping very -vigorously ; 

 the}' are brown in color, and inhabit caves or live under stones. 

 Cexdliopliilus is a Avingless genus, in which the pronotum does 

 not extend over the mesonotum. C. maculatus ^ay has the pos- 

 terior tibiae of the male waved. It is common under stones. 

 C. stygius Scudder is found in the caves of Kentuckj^, and Ha- 

 dencecus subterraneus Scudder is found in Mammoth Cave. It 

 is a slender form, the antennae exceeding the length of the 

 bod}' several times. Udeojjsyjla differs from the following 

 genus, DaUdnia, according to Scudder, "-in the longer, more 

 slender, less robust, and less spiny legs, in the somewhat more 

 slender body and smaller head, in the shorter maxillary palpi, 

 and in the structure of the tarsal joints," the first and fourth 

 being equal in length, while the two middle ones are small, 

 the second joint overlapping tlie third above. U. robusta 

 Haldeman is found in Nebraska. lu the interesting genus 

 DaiJiinia, the "tarsal joints of tlie anterior and posterior pair 

 are only three in number, the first and last being of nearly 



