210 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxiii, 



meso- and meta-thorax are shown in pi. 15, fig. 5. The legs are light 

 brown, margined and marked with black, pi. 15, fig. 3, shows a front 

 leg. 



The Abdomen. — The lateral fringe is short and weakly developed, 

 it extends from the front margin of the third segment to the hind 

 margin of the eighth segment. The distribution of gills is diagram- 

 matically shown in pi. 16, fig. 9. 



Pupa. — Length lo-ii mm.; breadth 2-2.5 "i^n. The antennae ex- 

 tend back almost to the tip of the abdomen. Each side of the upper 

 surface of the labrum bears a group of about five long, black, hooked 

 setae. The mandible is shown in pi. 16, fig. 18. The lateral fringe 

 begins near the hind margin of segment five and curves under the 

 hind margin of segment eight; it is black in color and is much better 

 developed than that of the larva. The last segment bears a pair of 

 fleshy appendages. The chitinous plates of one side of the first and 

 third to seventh abdominal segments are shown in pi. 16, fig. i. 



The Larval Case. — The case of the larva, when mature, is 15-20 

 mm. long; its diameter is 4 mm. or more at the cephalic end, accord- 

 ing to the kind of material used in its construction. In form it is 

 cylindrical, slightly curved. The larvae, during their active period 

 before pupation, construct their cases largely of quartz sand, but 

 usually have a greater or lesser number of bark chunks around this 

 inner cylinder. Sometimes, however, these bark fragments are al- 

 most, or even entirely, lacking. In preparation for pupation the 

 larvae usually remove almost all of the plant fragments from their 

 cases. They then congregate in numbers on some support, as a sub- 

 merged stick or root. Before pupation takes place the two openings 

 of the case are stopped with small grains of sand firmly cemented in 

 place. Apparently there is no mesh left open. PI. 15, fig. 11, repre- 

 sents a larval case of quartz sand and a few fragments of bark. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 



Plate XV. 

 Neuronia pardalis Walk. 

 Larva. 

 Fig. I. Dorsal view of head and thorax. Locations of principal setae 

 are indicated by black dots. 

 Fig. 2. Drag-hook. 

 Fig. 4. Mandible. 



