﻿oviparous, but more generally viviparous, and frequently pro- 

 duces young wiiliout associating with the male, and in this 

 way, according to Bonnet, they have multiplied for nine ge- 

 nerations in the space of three months : it is also said by one 

 observer in the Ent. Mug., that female Hop-flies sometimes 

 produce "vcinged individuals. By this rapid succession we may 

 frequently see at the same period, on a single leaf, larvre of 

 every size, the pupa^, winged males and apterous females, their 

 exuviae, and the shells of those that are pierced by parasites, 

 which together render the sweetest plants offensive both to 

 the touch and sight. 



The greatest mischief, however, arises from their exhausting 

 the plant. I once observed some Aphides upon a Sonchus ; 

 they were all sucking it: the females were of various sizes, and 

 the winged males had their proboscis thrust its whole length 

 into the stalk and calyx, and the punctures they had made 

 were indicated by the sap exuding and becoming dark as it 

 hardened over the wounds after the insects had left the spot. 

 Fortunately for man, no insect has more enemies than the 

 Aphides : the most conspicuous amongst them are the larvae 

 of the Chrijsnpa (pi. 520), the Lady-bird {Cocciuella, pi. ^SS), 

 and of a beautiful fly {Scccva Fijraslri, fol. 509.), which revel 

 amongst their helpless victims until they are transformed into 

 pupa; but besides these, there are minute parasites which are 

 not less useful in keeping the Aphides within bounds, amongst 

 them are Ceraphron Carpentcri (fol. 249.), Cj/r/ogaster i^ilgaris 

 (Guide, Gen. G24'.), Cijiiips crythrucephalus^ and the Aphidii 

 (pi. 383). Tiiese Hymenoptera (the last of which have been 

 investigated and described by Mr. Ilaliday in the Ent. Mag.,) 

 generally deposit their eggs in the larva.' or pupie of the Aphi- 

 des, which then assume an opake and horny ap}>earance; and 

 when the imago escapes, a hole is visible on the side, sometimes 

 with the ojierculum attached, and open like a door. 



The Aphides have also the singular property of producing 

 the saccharine matter called Honey-dew, that exudes in glo- 

 bules from the tubes attached to the bodies of many species, 

 and it is this deposit which the Ants are so I'ond of 



From a careful investigation of these insects, I find they 

 may be very easily, and, 1 may add, usefully formed into two 

 genera, the CiNARii;, with antennae shorter than the body: 

 proboscis as long as the body, at least in the males, and project- 

 ing immediately from the clypeus ; with the collar short in the 

 males. Nos. 20 to 30 enumerated in the Guide, with the ex- 

 ception of No. 29, belong to this genus. Both sexes of the 

 species figured I have found in Darent Wood and the New 

 Forest, the beginning of June, on Oaks. 



The others, which may be considered the typical Aphides, 

 I shall illustrate in the following jilate; they are characterized 

 by antenuic longer than the boily : proboscis nmch shorter, 

 especially in the winged males, and arising between the ante- 

 rior coxiL" : the collar long in the males. 



The Plant is TriJ'olium at-vense (Hare's-foot Trefoil). 



