08 Jciuriial lit Entomology and Zoolog\ 
4. Apices of front wings truncate; black band across middle cell 
of front wings continuous ( Hg. 8) rain'ssa ccirye (Hiibn.) 
Apices of front wings rounded; black baml across middle cell 
of front \\-ings broken (Fig. 10) !' aiwssa cnrdiii (Linn.) 
The Rep Aomik.xl. 
riiiu'ssd atlaula (Linnanis) 
Papilio atldula Linnanis, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, p. 478, 1758. 
Pyraincis cilliiiila Mubner, Verz. luir. Schmett, 2, 1816. 
( Fig. 1 ) 
This is a widely distributed species, ranging throughout North 
America, luirope. Northern Africa and Northern Asia, but is not 
as abundant in California as /. carxc (Hiibn.) and /'. curdiii 
(Linn.). It occurs, howe\er, in sufficient numbers to be taken gen- 
erally throughout the state. 
The voung caterpillars vary from pale-yellow to brown, and 
when full grown may become darker, with often a purplish hue. In 
the mature forms the bodies are more or less co\'ered with minute 
whitish specks and on each side there is a row of yeMow spots which 
appear as a continuous yellow line. The branching spines are black 
or whitish ancl the head jet-black, co\ ered with white tubercles. The 
length averages 1 i/S inches. The caterpillars are more or less gre- 
garious in habit and construct nests by drawing together the oppo- 
site sides of the lea\ es, parts or nearly all of which may be 
e\'entually de\oured. 
The chrysalids are light- or ilark-brown and are often co\-creti 
with a grayish bloom. The tubercles on the back are golden. 
rhe butterflies ( Mg. 1 ) ha\e a wing expanse of from 2 to 2 '/i 
inches and the bodies vary from Jx to 1 inch in length. The entire 
u|iper surface of the wings and body is velvety dark-brown or black. 
There is a conspicuous red or orange-colored oblique stripe across 
the middle of each front wing and a wide border of the same color 
along the outer margin of each hind wing. Along the entire 
margin of the wings is a row of narrow white spots. There is also 
a row of f\vc white spots, three small ;ind two much larger, near 
the apex of each front wing, and a larger rectangular white spot 
