104 J<iuiiial lit Kntoniolnjxy :ind Zoology 
THI': PAIM 1.1) LADY ()K 11 US ILK BUTTERFLY 
I lilies s (I card III ( Liiin;eus) 
Piipilo iiirihii LlniKiHis, Syst. Nat. Id Ld., p. 475, 1758. 
Pyiiiiiicis cardiii Douhl-l Icwits., (icii. Diur. Lcp., p. 205, 1S50. 
{l'i(;s. 10, 11.) 
riiis is claimed to he tlic most widely distributed buttei-Hy in the 
woi'Kl, and is touiul in all temperate regions and often in the tropics. 
It is by far the most abinuiant species in California, being most plen- 
tiful in the southern part of the state and in the interior \alleys, and 
less common along the coast ot the central and northern parts. In 
the southern part ot the state it often appears in great migratory 
flights, a number of which ha\ e been recorded, among which were 
those of the years 1S95- and 1902'. In October, 1913, Mr. E. P. 
\'an Duzee obser\ ed a migration at San Diego. During the sum- 
mer of 1914 the writer notetl great numbers in the San Joaquin Val- 
ley, which, thoiigii they ditl not constitute a flight, brought forth 
considerable comment and tlie ocCLirrence was reported by Dr. 
Burton Evermann.' 
The young caterpillars are dark with indetmite yellowish mark- 
ings. The full-grown forms (Fig. 9) \ary from gray to reddish- 
brown or almost black and sprinkled with minute white and yellow 
specks. There is a very indistinct and broken dorsal yellow stripe 
and a wider and more distinct line of the same color on each side. 
The spines are white or amber, tippeii with black. Small light hairs 
arise from numerous whitish specks o\er the body. The head is 
ilark-brown or black ami thickly co\ered with whitisli hairs aiul a 
tew black tubercles. The lengtli \aries from 1 '4 to 2 inches. 
In making their nests the caterpillars roll the ei.lges of the leax'es 
and incorporate \'arious extraneous matter which might be secured. 
Their work is often quite destructive and is much like that of I'ci- 
iii'ssii caryc (Hiibn.) . 
The chrysalids ( I'ig. 9) are light-brown and \ery beautiful, ap- 
pearing as if dipped into molten gold. 
■ Ent. News, \ol. .\.W, p. 415, Nov.. 1914. 
■Farnham, (ieo. P., Fiit. Xeus, Vol. \I, p. 150, 1S95. 
Essis, E. O., liii. ami Hi-ii. \ns. C'al. _'ncl Ed. Cal. Hort. Com., p. 462, 1915. 
