408 Pomona College Journal of Entomology 



tending like two horns at each side of the head. With some there were only 

 two or three transverse constrictions of the covering, giving them a very 

 peculiar appearance. At seven days the future dentate appearance of the 

 abdomen could already be detected through the skin and at eleven, several 

 presented every appearance of a speedy moult, having pushed themselves 

 forward from the covering. They remained in this state, however, without 

 marked change, except that some secreted a tuft of waxy threads, which 

 rose erect for two or three times the length of the scale. For twelve days 

 more before shedding their first skin, which was done at the age of 23 days. 

 The moult was performed in precisely the same manner as with citricola. 

 Immediately after the moult the w^hitish permanent scale began' to form. 

 At thirty-tw'O days one could begin to distinguish the legs and antennae of 

 the future pupae in the males. At forty-four days the first female was 

 observed to have cast its second skin ; the color after the moult is white, with 

 the anal segments and the middle of the body yellowish. About the same 

 time the males become pupa, and at 45 days the first adult male was found. 

 From this time up to the age of 102 days the female scales were watched 

 daily, but no eggs were observed. At this age all either died or were mounted, 

 .so the age at which the eggs are deposited has not been determined. It may 

 be that the non-development in this case was due to the fact that the females 

 had not been fertilized." Kept. Calif. Bd. Hort. 1895, pp. 183-184. 



■'It apparently recjuires a great deal of moisture to thrive well, and hence 

 is especially apt to be abundant on oranges or other plants grown in con- 

 servatories, and this al.so accounts, doubtless, for its greater multiplication and 

 injury in Florida than on the Pacific Coast. It has from three to four distinctly 

 defined generations in a year. Breeding continues practically tnrougtiuur the 

 season, tlie periods of growth being somewhat slower in the cooler rainy 

 season of winter tlian in tiie summer. According to Hubbard, there are 

 three periods in h'lorida when the young are especially abundant, luarKing 

 in a rough way the appearance of the main broods, namely, March and .\pril, 

 in June and July, and in September and October; the fourth irregular brood, 

 occurring in January or February." C. L. Marlatt. Yearliook Dept. Agrcf. 

 1900, pp. 265-266. 



REMEDIES 



This insect is handled the same as purple, red, or yellow scale, viz., fumi- 

 gated with the regular Purple Scale Dosage No. 1 originated by R. S. Woglum. 

 Like these scales it may be handled at any period of the year, but the common 

 practice is to fumigate at the season when the black scale may also be killed 

 at the same time — from September 1st to January 1st. 



Host Plants. — Orange, Pritchardia filameiitosa : Lemon, Magnolia fuscata; 

 Pomelo, Lime. 



Eriococcus adenostomae IChrh 

 .-Idult female. (Fig. 145). — Length 3 to 4 mm., width 1.5 to 1 mm. 

 Body — Dull purple and enclosed in a white or cream-colored sac of finely 



