Pomona Colleoe Journal of Entomoloot ^>75 



My first gfiicration, of the yt-ar I9<"). were nil .somrwliat darker in color, ns 

 IS flic case with niany otlu-r huttcrHifs, wlicii they an- hnd in darkness. I deter- 

 mined to try t<i enij)liasizf tiiis dark eolor, by seleetinj; tiic darkest males, and 

 pnir tlieni with tile darkest females, and then breed the descendants in the same 

 wav in i)0 decrees warm, damp air, and in darkness. The second jjeneration 

 came out in Au>{ust, 1 !)()(). They were only five days in the chrysalis; the ((round 

 eolor was dark, as in the first generation, except a few, which reverted to the 

 normal color (see Figure 251 A, representing a female, caught in I.os Angeles 

 August 1. l.')()})). I bred a female in this second generation which had a black 

 appendix on the large eye spot of the forewing (see Figure 2'2lB). The black 

 eve spot of the forewing is always of the same color on the under side of the 

 wing, but it is a little sin.'dler there. In my bred specimen of this generation tlu- 

 .'ippendix is only on the ujjper side of the wing, the under side has the usual dark 

 round center with a ring arourui it; only in later generations, when this new 

 appendix becomes very large, is it visible also on the under side. This s))ecimen 

 seemed too valuable to me to put in the pair cage, as all butterHies which arc used 

 for pairing losi' so much color that they are not good for a collection. Besidi' 

 this one just described, I got two nu)rc females with only a black [joint on the 

 same place as this a|ipendix, though not connected with the black eye spot, but 

 just below the dark ring and connected with it. I separated these two fenjales 

 in a pairing cage, with I'Uough males to secure a mating, and in the next or third 

 gi-neration, obtained two feniah-s with a point, as above described, and two others 

 had a small spot, connected with the black eye spot, but not quite so large as 

 in Figure 2-,' IB. The females with an apjjendix amounted to about ten per cent 

 in the third generation; as I knew only one food plant at that time, and had only 

 a few plants. I could not raise very many caterpillars to each generation, so my 

 calculation may be not very exact. As I obtained not one male witli an appendix, 

 I supposed the males would never get it, or the female must be progressive in this 

 new development ; the last named conclusion proved true later. I bred u]i to 

 N'ovember four generations, and as my food jjlants were almost consumed, I stored 

 a dozen chrysalides in the warm room, to hatch them all out at once. But, aln.s ! 

 Over night the ants got in the room, and there was nothing left, except a few 

 empty cases of the chrysalides. 



As Junonia does not fly in great abundance near I.os Angeles, I had to wait 

 two years before I caught a fertile female, on April 'i.'), IftOp. At that time I 

 found by chance that the caterpillars also take as a food ))lant our garden variety 

 of Pentstcmon, which I have used ever since; and I found that these different food 

 plants have no influence on the color of the butterflies. I bred this new line the 

 same way as before, in <)() degrees warm, damp air. and in darkness. In the second 

 generation I got out of ten females two with a point below the large eve spot of 

 the forewing; and I noticed that all the females had the eye spot of the forewing 

 enlarged, and the very small spot in the apex of the forewing was also enlarged; 

 so was the small double white spot. From one generation to the other, the 

 enlargement of the eye spot of the forewing became more marked; also the 

 appendix became larger, and the percentages slowly increased. In the ninth 



