676 Pomona College Journal of Entomology 



generation, I got, out of tliirty males, one with a small appendix ; this was the 

 first appearance of this character in a male, although the e_ve spots began to 

 enlarge several generations before. The very small spots in the apex of the fore- 

 wing are now quite visible, whereas in the males of our local form, there is only a 

 trace of it in the apex ; the very small double spots are in the male blue, whereas in 

 the female these spots are always white; this is the best color sexmark in Junonia 

 coenin. In tin- thirteenth generation appeared for the first time four females 

 which have in the appendix a small light spot (see Figure 22 IC). While the 

 eye spots of the forewings got larger in each generation, the eye spots in the 

 hindwings were reduced in size. The large eye spots are in our local form 

 elliptical, while in my breeding experiments, these ocelli became almost round. 

 I bred in the twentieth generation twenty-seven females, all showing appendices, 

 seventeen of these had double ocelli (see Figure 22 ID). The same generation 

 produced twenty -nine males, seventeen showing appendices, two of these had 

 double ocelli (see Figure 22 IE). 



Beside these regular lines of experiments, I carried on many side lines; in 

 one of these, I took a part of the chrysalides from the regular line, and bred them 

 90 degrees warm, damp ; this time in a light breeding cage. To produce as much 

 light as possible, I built a mirror case, to reflect the light, without direct sunshine 

 in it, as this would soon get too hot; here I hung up the chrysalides. After five 

 days the butterflies emerged. As I expected, all were lighter in ground color, 

 some were more yellow near the border of the hindwings, just as in our local form 

 with which I started. This seventh generation out of the damp and dark 

 breeding case, and bred in a damp and light breeding case, produced about the 

 same percentage with an appendix as the seventh generation bred in the dark. 

 I carried on this line in the mirror case, damp air, for seven generations ; and in 

 each generation about the same ratio of increase of the new appendix was seen 

 as in the old line bred in the darkness. 



I now picked out only males and females witliout ajipendices ; paired these, 

 raised the caterpillars and bred the chrysalides, in normal temperature, in day- 

 light without direct sun, the average temperature being in the daytime 80 degrees, 

 at night 65 degrees. That was in August, lf)10. The result was surprising! I 

 got twenty females, ten with an appendix, two of these with double eye spots; and 

 twenty-five males, seven with an appendix. Up to that time I had never obtained 

 more than one or two males with an appendix, in one generation; and now came 

 seven males at once, and that among limited numbers. I can't help but believe 

 that this resulted from a little change in the temperature from the usual steady 

 warmth of 90 degrees. I now |)aired these seven males with appendices, with the 

 very best females with appendices; breeding the resulting chrysalides in 90 

 degrees temperature, in a damp and dark case. To my astonishment I got very 

 few with appendices. In the next generation, from one hundred and eighty 

 caterjiillars, I only got twenty-eiglit butterflies, nineteen females, seventeen with 

 appendices, nine of these with double eye spots; and nine males, six with 

 appendices. 



