Pomona Coij.eoe Jouknai. of Entomoukjy 803 



On the 27th nf XovciiiIht. 1010, I took iiirifty lialf Known cntt'rpillnrs. 

 from my foiirteontli frcneration bred in a warm ti-mporaturp. and raised thorn 

 in darivness. wlicrc the av(>ratrc <'()hlest ti'mperntiirc at night was 5(i di'jjrfcs, 

 and the average highest in the daytime was fiG degrees. I obtained twenty- 

 three ehrysalides from December the 8th to the 21st; these were also bred in 

 ilarkness, and in a eool temperature. During the last part of December the 

 average was slightly cooler than in the first part of the month; and in Jan- 

 uary the coldest was at an average of al>out 4r) degrees, and the warmest aver- 

 age for two hours daily fif) degrees; the last days were warmer, and on January 

 23d I got the first butterflies: on the 2Sth T brought all chry.salidcs in to the 

 warm temperature of 70 to 85 degrees, and on January 30. 1011, I obtained 

 a female; see the rcprodiK-tion, 3. From these twcnt.v-thn'c chrysalides bred in 

 coolness, and in darkness, all the males and females had the ocelli of the hind 

 wing greatl.v enlarged, and three of tlu'm were almost as good as 3; all four 

 showed the confluence of the ocelli, an<l by man.v there were new small inter- 

 mediate ones confluent with the small ocelli below, b>it not with the large ones, 

 as shown in 4. Tt will be noticed that in this last one the black ocellus on the 

 right side of the butterfly appears pale; however, it is really not so, but of a 

 very deep blaek, and when one looks down upon it, in the direction of the 

 overlapping scales, this black appears smooth like very dark blue silk. This 

 smooth surface appears on the plate light in color; if this butterfly had lieen 

 mounted on the left side of the plate, then the ocellus on the left side of the 

 butterfly wouhl appear pale. This female, with one other male, flew out ten 

 days later, although the ehrysalides were kept for the last thirteen days at 80 

 degrees. I put the last one on January 11 th in a eool temperature again, and 

 the butterfly emerged ^^arch 23d : it was a female, the black in the ocelli was 

 not so smooth as in 4, but the ocelli of the hind wing were ahnost like 3. Tt 

 may be asked why these three butterflies did not emerge with the others. Per- 

 haps my method of caring for them may make this clear. T was in the habit 

 of cutting off all the leaves or part of the stem where the ehrysalides or sus- 

 pended caterpillars h\inL'. T then put them in small boxes with a table outside 

 on the box, registi-ring the date, the number of the ehrysalides. or su.spended 

 caterpillars, with notes as to where they were obtained. Tf any caterpillars 

 liad spun their silken tufts and were ready to hang, T cut the part carefully off 

 where the caterpillars hung .so that the others coidd not eat off the surround- 

 ing support. Now it often happens that these caterpillars will leave their first 

 scaffold and seek another place in the box. ITowever. in the ease of these 

 individuals which did not come out with the others it may have been that the 

 cooler temperature prevente<l them from finding a good jdace to rest ami they 

 were delayed ten da.vs in coming out. 



As I have said in my first article, all generations bred at 00 degrees had 

 the ocelli on the fore wing, and the appendix slowly enlarged, but the ocelli of 

 the hind wing became .slowly reduced in size. Now this thirteenth generation 

 for the first time bred in a eool temperature had the ocelli of the hind wnng 

 greatly enlarged, and the appendix of the fore wing was in .some still there: 



