804 Pomona College Journal of Entomology 



in some specimens tlu' black (;cclli (if the fore wintr were not more perfectly 

 round bxit appeared angular, one angle pointed upwards to the small ocelli in 

 the apex, and these had a little appendix in the direction of the large ocelli ; 

 see 3 and 4. The longer I keep my stock by steady inbreeding, the more it seems 

 to develop a tendencj' to connect these two ocelli of the fore wing, like those 

 on the hind wing bred in a cool temperature ; it may take a long time to accom- 

 plish this ; however, it is not impossible. When I consider how the appendix 

 developed below the large ocelli in the fore wing, in a few specimens to almost 

 separate ocelli, surrounded by wdiite, where no trace of an extinct ocellus 

 exists, on the iipper or under sides; then I have no doubt that I will sometime 

 be able to breed specimens with these two existing ocelli connected. On the 

 hind wing the confluence of both ocelli wa.s more apparent; already in the 

 first few generations bred in 90 degrees warm damp air, the large ocelli of the 

 hind wing developed from an elliptical shape to a round one. When we view 

 J. coenia on the under side, we find on the hind wing, in the outer field, five 

 small spots, the second and the last one are generally somewhat larger, and 

 are surrounded with a small ring; these two eorrespcnd in place with the two 

 ocelli of the upper side. I do not know as yet whether these small spots on the 

 underside are in progressive evolution, or are disappearing; however I find 

 that the enlargement, and the development of new ocelli is progressive on the 

 upperside, on the fore wing as well as on the hind wing. The enlargement 

 and confluence of the ocelli of the hind wing, is as yet only visible on the 

 upper side; however, it may develop later on the underside, and the enlarge- 

 ment and confluence is in the line of these small spots on the under side. 



Besides these caterpillars raised in a cool temperature and in darkness, 

 T kept another lot at the same temperature, but in a light glass, just to see 

 if lightness or darkness w'ould influence the color of the butterflies. T bred 

 the chrysalides in light also, and I found, that the color and the markings 

 of the butterflies did not differ in a marked degree from those bred in dark- 

 ness. I obtained from this experiment the same enlargement of the (leelli as 

 previously described. 



Another lot of cateriiillars raised in the same cool temperature, and the 

 chrysalides bred at 90 degrees, and in darkness, just as all my twelve suc- 

 cessive generations were bred which had only the enlargement of the ocelli 

 of the fore wing, showed now, also the enlargement of both ocelli of the hind 

 wing, however not confluent, like .3. This seems to preve that the beginning 

 of the enlargement of the ocMdli of the hind wing takes ]ilaee |u-eviously in the 

 caterpillar. This was a new pliase of llie work. I had sonn' time before 

 thought about it, and was now prepare<l to investigate it to some degree. I 

 took the chrysalides from caterjiillars which were raised at about 80 degrees 

 and bred some of them in light, and some of them in darkness, and in about 

 the same degree of coolness as the chrysalides from which the large ocelli 

 came. As T had expected. T obtained none with mai'ked enlargeiiu'nts of the 

 ocelli. 



