PoM()N\ Cnl.I.KGE JofRNAI. OK KnTOMOUXJV XI,') 



Why is it tliiit smli ttnat fnliirp-mcnt aiul r.iiiiliicino ol' tin- <M.lli <|im-s 

 not ofcur in nature? I have ncvi-r sci'ii any, an<l liavi- ni>t reaii any tli'scrip 

 tions. Dr. W. Horn of hi-rlin, Gcmiany, and Dr. II. Skinner «r I'liilatlelphia 

 .say that tiicy are nowhere deserilietl. Alter all my e.xperiiiient.s up to tin- pre.s- 

 ent it .seeni.s to me tliat the teuileney towards the enlar>;ement of the oeelli 

 develops slowly by lireedinj; this hiittertiy always in !HI decrees warm, damp 

 air; anil that hy seleetint; the.se small liejjinninns of the enlar(;ement of the 

 oeelli, and hy steaily inhreedinj; of the same, 1 was ahle to inen-ase the per- 

 eentap-. This enlur>;ement showetl only on the fore wins, "s lonjf as the 

 eaterpillars and ehrysalides were hretl in a warm tempi-rature; hut it neede<l 

 a cliaiij.'e of temperature from steaily !t(t decrees to eoolne.ss, to produce these 

 enlargements of the oeelli of the hind wing. This seems so strange to mo, 

 that I <an not tind a good explanation. After my last experiments, lM>wever, 

 1 think the solution of this strange phenomenon should he found in a study 

 of the eaterpillar. 



In the fall of liUl 1 tried these eool experimi'Uts again, witli tin- same 

 result; however. I lost all my ehry.salides in one experiment, where I hatehed 

 the eggs in ipiite a eool temperature, and spent a long time trying to raise tin- 

 eaterpillars al.so in a eool temperature, and every ehry.salis died later. I 

 think they were too weak to develop the imago. However, I have one more 

 interesting ease: I eaught an egg-laying feiiude on July ;"», 1!M1. at Los 

 .\ngeles and began to breed from these eggs a new line in !H) degrees warm, 

 damp air, and in darkness, just the same as my t Id line bred in !lll degrees. 

 In this newly eaught female I eould not see any marked difTerenee from our 

 loeal form; but as I wished to be sure about it. beeause when I change the 

 food for the eaterpillars. it hii|ipens sometimes, that I overlook a eaterpillar 

 or chrysalis and throw it away, and later .see one i>f my b\i1tertlies with an 

 a|>peiiilix tly in the garden. W'iien Jiiii<»ila finds its food plants for the 

 caterpillai-s, it will stay for many days in the .same surroundings, even when 

 frightened it will always come back. I rai.sed from the first i-ggs one hundred 

 caterpillars and ehry.salides in normal temi>erature, and thirty-ine eaterpillars 

 in SO degrees, and the chrysalides of these in !)() d •;:r. es warm, damp iiir, 

 and in darknes.s. All the butterflies from the hundred caterpillars raised 

 and emerged in normal summer temperature were like my newly caught 

 female in markings and size. However, the other h.t of butterllies whose 

 eaterpillars were raised in 70 to SO degrees, and the ehrysalides bred in HO 

 degrees warm, damp air. and in darkness, the nudes and the t'emales were 

 both very large, but the ocelli were snmll in proportiin to the size of the 

 wingH. These small ocelli and i ther later developing dilTerences constituting 

 our local form, make me believe that the newly caught fenudc. or its direct 

 ancestor, came from a dry region. ])erhaps Arizona. In the third gem-ration 

 I got a few females with a very snudl beginning of an appendix on the black 

 ocellus of the fore wing, however these were lost again in later generations, 

 only the large ocelli of the hind wing became more circular, like those in my 

 ohi line liri'd in !M1 degrees. From this new line from the fourth generation. 



