I'oMdNV CoI.I.F.CK JoCRNM, OK KnTOMOIvDOY 849 



rilK I'OSSIULK KTI()I,0(;|(AL HKLATIO.V oF CHIMAIN IUTIN<i 

 INSKCTS TO TIIK Sl'KKAl) OF INFANTIM': I'AKALYSIS 



Hy Unifs iiiitl ShcppHid. in An^riist .loumiil of Kioiiomii- Kntoiimlntfy 



( M' late a cociil (li'iil lit" attriitiiiii lias Itccii attrai-ti'il towards infantile 

 paralysis {iiriili i piili iiiii- poliiiwiii litis ^ nwinK t" " >«liKlit fpiiliMiiir in South- 

 iM'n Calirornia, but very little is rt-aliy known coni-i-rninjf tin- i-liannclK of 

 inl'i'i-tiiin of tlii.s disease. 



Consideralile field werk dnrintr the suiniiier of IMl'J has I n earrii'd on 



in various cities of Massaehusetts, and the restdts of this work, to^'i'ther with 

 a eonsideration of the e|)ideiiiiolo<;y of the disease so far as known, points very 

 strongly toward liitiuf; tli<'s as carriers of the virus; particularly the comnion 

 stahle fly {Hlomosi/s calcitrann L. ) possil)]y aided hy another hitin)r (ly 

 (Tnbniiiis liiieola). So far tliis hypothesis has |iroven correct, no fai-ts to 

 the contrary liavinie: heen discovered. 



Some of the domestic animals are sti-onfily suspected of lieiny afTJicted 

 with acute epidemic poliomyelitis, and if so. another channel of infection may 

 he open, namely, ticks. 



At present the relation hetween animal and human paralysis is l)ut im- 

 perfectly understood, and it is imihahle that studies alon^r this line may hrinjf 

 out some very interestini; facts conccrnintr the spread of ai-ute epidemic 

 poliomyelitis in man. 



More recent investifration seems to cuntinii the earlier work iiu'iitinned 

 ahove. N. W. DwiEi.s. 



rNCOXSIDKK'KI) FACTOHS l.N DISKASK TKANS.MISSK iN HY 



HLooDsrcKiNt; inskcts 



Written liy Fn-deriek Knah in April. 1!I12. Journal of Economic Kntomology) 



Since it ha.s become recognized that certain hlood-suckint' insect.s arc 

 secondary hosts of pathogenic parasites, all in.sects feeding in this way have 

 come under suspicion. 



In order to transmit these diseases, it is neces.sary that the insect l)0 

 do.sely associated for some time with man. As example of this cla.>is then' are 

 Aidrs calopus, the host of the vellow fever parasite, and CuUi (luinijurfas- 

 rintiis. host of filariasis and dengue fevers. With these, individuals are always 

 present with man to ai-t as intermediaries. Anrtther example of this cla.ss of 

 insect is the large hemipter Tiiolitiiia (('niiorhiiiu.'!) niffjistiis in Brazil, trans- 

 mitter through biting of a dangerous trypano.some. This bug does not o<'eur 

 except in close associatien with lunnan beings, as to food, habitation, etc. 

 Aiiophilfs in transmitting nudaria will be found, when ch)sely studied, to lie 

 thus intimately connected with man also. 



There are no .specimens of Aiiopht h s <in the upper ( "hairres river, which 

 is uninhabited. Suitable breeding iilaces for the .species are then', yet Imm-hilso 

 of the ab.scnce of human beings for food, the mo.s<|uitoes do not exist. 



W. B. 



