70 JOURNAL, OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 



nearer the caudal* end than the cejihalic end of the ring, is the 

 anal aperture. The inner circle of pores is closed at the 

 forward end and bulges out between the two anterior setae 

 forming a marked concavity. Posterior to the caudal pair of 

 setse the inner circle of pores continues on each side for about 

 one-third of the arc of the circle bounded by these two setae. 

 The pores of this circle are irregular in shape and size and are 

 large. Near or between the caudal and median seta? there are 

 usually one or more elongate pores which project in in a 

 striking manner from the circle and which have been given 

 the name of denticulate pores. These denticulate pores may or 

 may not indent the membrane of the orifice. Outside of this 

 inner circle of pores and only very slightly separated from 

 them are the six setfe of the anal ring. Outside these setae and 

 separated by a very narrow margin is the second circle of wax 

 pores or the outer circle of pores. These may be limited 

 cephalad and caudad by the anterior and posterior pairs of 

 setae or may extend a very short distance beyond them. These 

 pores have a different appearance from the inner circle. They 

 are more regiilar in shape and arrangement and smaller in size 

 than are the pores of the inner circle. Also they usually have 

 the peculiar apjiearance of having a light or dark spot in them 

 which undoubtedly is due to refraction. 



This in general is a generic description of the anal ring of 

 Pseudococcus. The following is a discussion of the si^eeific 

 variations of this ring. 



Longispinus Targ. — (Fig. 5). The caudal pair of setie is 

 nearer the median pair than is the cei^halic pair. The outer 

 circle of pores is limited by the caudal and cephalic pairs of 

 setae and is a single row for its entire length. Projecting from 

 the inner circle of pores at the caudal setee are two prominent 

 denticulate pores which indent the membrane of the anal orifice. 



*The terminology of cephalic and caudal for the ends of the ring is largely one 

 of convenience. The ring is usually on the apex of the abdomen and so the ends 

 would really be dorsal and ventral. However, in the majority of Coccidae the anal 

 ring is dorsal. According to this terminology the anal ring is assumed to be dorsal 

 also. Thus the closed end of the ring which is usually dorsad of the open end is 

 here spoken of as the cephalic end of the ring. 



