ENTOMOLOGY IN OUTLINE — STRUCTURE OF INSECTS. 



19 



It is necessary that some knowledge should be had of the different 

 forms of antennae, as these are all classified, and are sometimes used in 

 the description of families. In the beetles, for instance, we have the 

 Clavicornia, club horns; Serricornia, saw horns; Lamellicornia, thin plate 

 horns, etc. So in order to 

 describe the different 

 forms of antennae, they 

 have been classified as 

 follows (see Fig. 16): 



Setaceous: Bristle-like. 



Filiform: Thread-like. 



Moniliform: Necklace- 

 like. 



Serrate: Saw-like. 



Pectinate: Comb-like. 



Clavate: Club-shaped. 



Capitate: Ending in a 

 head or knob. 



Lamellate: Plates. 



Geniculate: Jointed or 

 kneed. 



Besides these general 

 terms others are used in 

 describing the antennae; 

 as, plumose, or feathered; 

 and "irregular," which 

 includes many forms not 

 included in the above list. 



THE THORAX AND ITS 

 APPENDAGES. 



The foregoing will give fig. it. Ventral aspect of a carabid beetle {6'aZcc(<«Jonws). 



1, prosternum; 2, proepisternum ; .3, proepimeron ; 4, coxal 

 cavity: 5, inflexed side of pronotiim; 6, mesosternum; 

 7, mesoepisternum ; 8, mesoepimeron ; 9, mesasternum ; 

 10, antecoxal piece; 11, metaepisternum ; 12, metaeplme- 

 ron ; 13, inflexed side of elytron ; a, sternum of an abdomi- 

 nal segment; a7i, antenna; c, coxa; /, femur; ?p, labial 

 palpus; nul, mandible; mp, maxillary palpus; t, tro- 

 chanter; Ih, tibia; ts, tarsus. 



the student a general idea 

 of the head and its various 

 organs, the eyes, the 

 mouth, and the antennae, 

 and we will now proceed 

 to consider the next im- 

 portant division of the body, the thorax. This is composed of three 

 segments immediately back of the head. These segments are named 

 pro-, meso- and metathorax. The first, or the one connecting with the 

 head, being the prothorax, the middle section the mesothorax, and the 

 last, the one connecting with the abdomen, being the metathorax. 

 These segments appear to be solid rings, but really they are composed 



