56 CALIFORNIA STATE COMMISSION OP HORTICULTURE. 



including something over fifteen hundred species, not all of which, how- 

 ever, are found in California. 



The family Coccidae is divided into nine subfamilies, each having its 

 peculiarities of form and habits, which are set forth as follows: 



Subfamily Monophlebinse. Of this subfamily, which comprises ten 

 genera, we have a good representative in Icerya purchasi (the cottony- 

 cushion scale), which is well known to almost every horticulturist in 

 California. The general characteristics are: Males with compound 

 eyes. Females with definite hairy anal ring. The insects are usually 

 covered by a cottony matter of several shades of color and with a 

 secretion of still longer filaments. Skin with rounded spinnerets and 

 with long, scattered hairs. The lateral lobes of the extremity of the 

 abdomen are fitted with a series of long, interlaced bristles. 



Subfamily Margapodinse. This subfamily has been erected to ac- 

 commodate a single genus — Margarodies — comprising about ten species. 

 This subfamily is not represented in California. One very pretty 

 species is found infesting roots in South Africa and is bead-shaped. 

 They are very brilliant in color, being somewhat of a metallic green, 

 and are collected by the natives, strung on stout thread and worn as 

 ornaments. 



Subfamily Ortheziinae. Under this subfamily are included three 

 genera, of which the genus Orthezia is the most important and the only 

 one represented in California. The female presents the following- 

 characters: Eyes simple, anal ring with hairs. Body more or less cov- 

 ered with cereous matter arranged in compact symmetrical plates. The 

 eggs are carried in an elongated ovisac, which projects behind the body 

 until they liatch. Insect active throughout entire life. Legs long, with 

 fine hairs, one claw, and no digitules. Two or more long, slender, 

 snow-white filaments project from near the posterior end. Color 

 usually white. 



. Subfamily Phenaeoleaehiinse. This subfamily was erected to accom- 

 modate a single genus — Phenacoleachia — and is represented by a single 

 species, which occurs in New Zealand on Cupressns sp. 



Subfamily Conehaspinse. These are insects with a separate covering 

 scale, which is formed entirely of secretionary matter, not using the 

 cast skins (exuviae) in forming the covering scale. Adult females 

 retain limbs and antenna?. A distinguishing feature of this subfamily 

 is to be found in the mouth parts, as the lower part of the mouth 

 (mentum) is composed of two parts, and is grooved out to accommo- 

 date the sucking tube of the insect. This subfamily contains but a 

 single genus — Conchaspis — of which only four species have been 

 recorded, none of which occur in California. 



